坐标参数加权平差法在线路补测中的应用

在线路施工的补充测量控制中,对先期控制点老坐标的如何使用,关系到新坐标的网形精度和与老坐标的差异程度.介绍了对先期控制点坐标进行赋权参加平差的方法,并给出评定结果的指标.用实例分析验证了这种方法的有效性.     

海上设施精密定位研究

介绍了海上设施精密定位的原理和方法,分析了其误差来源和适用范围,以南海某平台的实例实现了海上设施精密定位.     

水准监测网稳定性的观测对分析法

选用了第一期单位权方差估值作为整个分析过程参照的标准值,分析了变形监测网稳定性,确定了监测网某期中的动点。     

GALILEO试验星GIOVE—A信号质量分析

介绍了GIOVE-A卫星信号,分析了GIOVE-A卫星信号质量;与GPS CA码信号质量进行了比较。     

神经网络BP算法中的误差及其改进方法研究

人工神经网络(Artificial Neural Networks)是模仿人脑结构和功能的一种信息处理系统。该方法在处理非线性问题上具有其独特的优越性,在工程应用中越来越被人们所关注。与此同时,神经网络计算的精度和收敛速度也成为人们普遍关心的问题。本文试验发现BP算法在归一化过程中存在最值误差和区间变形误差,在此基础上,本文对常规BP网络进行了改进,提高了BP网络的预测精度。     

一元线性回归模型显著性检验方法的改进

采用重复观测的方法,即对每个测量点重复m次的方法,组建新的数对(xi,■),建立改进的一元线性回归模型y=β0 β1xi ■■~N(0,σ2/m),对残差平方和Qε进行分解为误差平方和QE和重复观测变异平方和QL。从而给出不同的检验方法确定回归方程拟合的好坏。     

A GIS-Based Model to Determine Site Suitability of Emergency Evacuation Shelters

In recent years, the increase in the number of hurricanes and other costal hazards in the US pose a tremendous threat to the residents of coastal states. According to the National Hurricane Center, Florida is the most vulnerable coastal state to hurricanes. Mitigation policies have been formulated to reduce mortality and provide emergency services by evacuating people from the hazard zone. Many of these evacuees, particularly the elderly or lower income populations, rely on evacuation shelters for temporary housing. Because of the cost and limited use, evacuation shelters are almost exclusively dual use shelters where the primary purpose of the facility is for some other public function (e.g. school, hospital, etc.). In 2000, the estimated shortage of public shelter spaces in Florida was about 1.5 million. The purpose of this study was to rank the existing and candidate shelters (schools, colleges, churches and community centers) available in the state based on their site suitability. The research questions examined in this study include: (1) How many candidate shelters are located in physically suitable areas (e.g. not in a flood prone area, not near hazardous facilities, etc.)?; (2) How many existing shelters are located in physically un suitable areas, but in socially suitable areas (situated in areas with demand)?; (3) How many alternative existing and/or candidate shelters with high/very high physical suitability are located near physically un suitable existing shelters and thus, may be better choices for a shelter?; and (4) How many existing shelters located in physically un suitable areas are not near alternative existing and/or candidate shelters? A Geographic Information System‐based suitability model integrating Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) with a Pass/Fail screening technique was implemented for the 17 counties of Southern Florida. It was found that 48% of the existing shelters are located in physically unsuitable areas. Out of all the candidate shelters, 57% are located in physically unsuitable areas. For 15 of the existing shelters in unsuitable locations, no alternative candidate or existing shelter with medium to high physical suitability exists within 10 miles (16.1 km).     

度量非线性滤波的非线性强度和估计性能准则

给出了一种基于广义均方误差的定量描述非线性滤波问题的非线性强度指标。利用该指标亦可评判非线性滤波算法的估计性能,从而可方便地选择合适的滤波算法。通过两个模拟算例验证了该判定准则的合理性和可行性。     

采用设计数据计算房产面积的探讨

房产面积的测算,在很多情况下采用设计图纸上的尺寸进行相应的计算。但由于施工控制网误差、放样误差、施工误差等的综合影响,导致了实际房子的尺寸与设计的理论数据有差异,从而使得算得的房产面积与实际的不符。这种差异或者说误差能达到什么样的数量级?对面积计算的影响有多大?本文分析了这些差异即误差的一般规律,对依据设计数据所计算的房产面积精度进行了探讨。