符号动力系统(∑(Z~+),σ)的若干性质

讨论了符号动力系统上的几乎周期点、回归点及非游荡点,还讨论了它的一些其他动力性质。     

指示剂颜色模糊特性的研究——模糊集合理论在化学中的应用V

研究了酸碱指示剂茜素黄R颜色的模糊特性。测出其变色转折点为pH=9.96和12.03,变色转折区间为9.80～10.11及11.86～12.20。反应时间是模糊程度的函数,颜色愈模糊,反应时间愈长。根据反应时间或反应时间标准差对pH的关系曲线,求出的变色转折点与上述值完全相符。     

Segmentation of complex geophysical structures with well data

In many problems of geophysical interest, when trying to segment images (i.e., to locate interfaces between different regions on the images), one has to deal with data that exhibit very complex structures. This occurs, for instance, when describing complex geophysical images (with layers, faults,...); in that case, segmentation is very difficult. Moreover, the segmentation process requires to take into account well data to interpolate, which implies integrating interpolation condition in the mathematical model.More precisely, let be a given bounded image function, where Ω is an open and bounded domain that belongs to . Let be a finite set of given points (well data). The aim is to find a contour Γ⊂Ω such that Γ is an object boundary interpolating the points from S. To do that, we combine the ideas of the geodesic active contour (Caselles et al., Int. J. Comput. Vision 22-1:61-87, 1997) and of interpolation of points (Zhao et al., Comput. Vis. Image Understand. 80:295-314, 1986) in a Level Set approach developed by Osher and Sethian (J. Comput. Phys. 79:12-49, 1988). We present modelling of the proposed method. Both theoretical results (viscosity solution) and numerical results (on a velocity model for a real seismic line) are given.     

关于分层抽水试验的技术改进

为了监测不同含水层的水质情况,需要进行分层抽水工作,通过研制新型的分层抽水装置,对分层抽水试验进行技术改进,达到简单、可靠、实用的目的。详细介绍了分层抽水装置的结构原理。     

基于高光谱粗糙集分析的矿化信息挖掘

以野外勘察和光谱测量数据为数据源,以光谱曲线的16个特征和矿化蚀变程度分别为条件属性和决策属性,应用粗糙集理论和方法离散化数据构建决策系统和实现属性约简,获取识别矿化信。息最佳变量组合及区间值,将其作为参量建立矿化信。息识别模型,并以矿区其他数据进行了检验,结果与实地勘查资料基本吻合,表明该方法可以作为高光谱矿化信,息识别模型,为成矿预测提供依据。     

Variational inequalities for modeling flow in heterogeneous porous media with entry pressure

One of the driving forces in porous media flow is the capillary pressure. In standard models, it is given depending on the saturation. However, recent experiments have shown disagreement between measurements and numerical solutions using such simple models. Hence, we consider in this paper two extensions to standard capillary pressure relationships. Firstly, to correct the nonphysical behavior, we use a recently established saturation-dependent retardation term. Secondly, in the case of heterogeneous porous media, we apply a model with a capillary threshold pressure that controls the penetration process. Mathematically, we rewrite this model as inequality constraint at the interfaces, which allows discontinuities in the saturation and pressure. For the standard model, often finite-volume schemes resulting in a nonlinear system for the saturation are applied. To handle the enhanced model at the interfaces correctly, we apply a mortar discretization method on nonmatching meshes. Introducing the flux as a new variable allows us to solve the inequality constraint efficiently. This method can be applied to both the standard and the enhanced capillary model. As nonlinear solver, we use an active set strategy combined with a Newton method. Several numerical examples demonstrate the efficiency and flexibility of the new algorithm in 2D and 3D and show the influence of the retardation term. This work was supported in part by IRTG NUPUS.     

事故树方法在泥石流灾害分析中的应用

为了解决泥石流灾害预防工作中的实际问题,通过系统安全工程的事故树分析方法,找到影响泥石流灾害产生的主要因素,建立泥石流灾害事故树图,从最小割集、最小径集、结构重要度三个方面全面分析,阐述了各基本事件对泥石流发生的影响程度,以及它们之间的逻辑关系,找到预防关键因素。最后,结合实际情况,对预防泥石流灾害提出了具体建议。     

GMS-5卫星估计中国西部地区月降水

在气候降水数据集中, 中国西部地区的降水数据精度一直偏低, 如全球降水气候项目数据集(GPCP)数据1998年年平均相对误差在100°E以西达到100%以上, 由于这一地区人烟稀少, 缺少足够的地面雨量站, 极轨卫星时间覆盖率低, GMS静止卫星高度角偏低, 给这一地区的降水测量和估计带来困难.本文尝试将GOES卫星降水指数(GPI)算法拓展应用到这一区域, 同时, 为了消除卫星高度角偏低造成的影响, 利用当地气候资料, 引入相对湿度修正因子.结果表明, 用GMS静止卫星云图结合气候资料, 可以有效估计中     

曲边多边形中轴提取的新方法

针对现有多边形中轴提取方法在处理复杂图形和特殊图形上有较大困难的不足以及中轴连通性和位置准确性难以保证等问题,提出了一种曲边多边形中轴提取的新方法。首先在简单多边形的基础上进行拓展,提出曲边多边形的概念,并相应地定义了曲边多边形的中轴,然后在栅格距离变换的基础上引申出最近边缘点集距离均值变换,最后结合曲边多边形中轴点的特征和距离变换的原理制定出高效中轴点判定规则,利用种子点生长判别法提取曲边多边形的中轴,并给出具体实现步骤和流程。通过多组不同类型多边形及道路网与河网的实例验证,新方法不仅能适用于各类多边形,且能较好地抑制图形边界噪声的干扰,提取出具有良好的光滑性、准确性和连通性的多边形中轴,弥补了传统方法的不足。     

基于知识标注的地理信息语义服务框架研究

基于空间语义学基础理论,将传统的地理信息服务技术与新兴的语义服务技术相结合,建立地理信息语义服务框架及知识标注方法体系,并应用于地理空间信息服务处理中,提供智能化、自动化的地理信息服务发现、组合与触发策略;设计基于文本挖掘算法的半自动知识标注引擎,提高服务处理自动化程度,实现包含丰富语义信息的地理空间语义服务的发布;建立基于规则和推理引擎的地理信息服务匹配与发现机制,提高服务发现效率;建立地理信息服务语义标注与服务匹配评价方法,采用基于空间关联规则的标注正确性评估策略,验证知识标注价值。