Mathematical formalization of stratigraphic terminology

Some concepts and terminology of stratigraphy are expressed in terms of mathematical set notation. This formalized statement of traditional geologic concepts will facilitate computer manipulation of stratigraphic data. Set notation may be easily adapted to definition of rock units, stratigraphic order, stratigraphic correlation, time relationships, and fossil zonation.     

MAPGIS二次开发库的设计与实现简介

ＭＡＰＧＩＳ系统不仅是一个ＧＩＳ基础软件,而且是用户开发面向具体领域的ＧＩＳ的工具,在分析对比ＧＩＳ空间模型的基础上,从空间实体模型分析、二次开发函数库软件结构设计、函数的功能分类、的实现几个方面。     

地图的集合模型(表达式)及比较应用初探

本文在分析和综合地图实质与内容的基础上,应用比较方法提出了点作为构成地图的“细胞”,并由此入手建立了点的一般集合表达式,指出表达式是点的定位基础信息、表示类属的性质特征信息、区别颜色的表象特征信息以及反映颜色浓淡的信息等6个变量的函数。然后推导了地图要素和最终的地图一般表达式。作为例子,文中运用这些表达式推证了各类点、各种地图要素及几种地图的表达式。 作者认为,依据这些表达式还可对作为传输信息工具的地图在人们认知过程中的作用和结果作进一步的探索。     

Slake durability study of shaly rock and its predictions

More than 35% of the earths crust is comprised of clay-bearing rocks, characterized by a wide variation in engineering properties and their resistance to short term weathering by wetting and drying phenomenon. The resistance to short-term weathering can be determined by slake durability index test. There are various methods to determine the slake durability indices of weak rock. The effect of acidity of water (slaking fluid) on slake durability index of shale in the laboratory is investigated. These methods are cumbersome and time consuming but they can provide valuable information on lithology, durability and weather ability of rock. Fuzzy set theory, Fuzzy logic and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) techniques seem very well suited for typical complex geotechnical problems. In conjunction with statistics and conventional mathematical methods, a hybrid method can be developed that may prove a step forward in modeling geotechnical problems. During this investigation a model was developed and compared with two other models i.e., Neuro-fuzzy systems (combination of fuzzy and artificial neural network systems) and artificial neural network system, for the prediction of slake durability index of shaly rock to evaluate the performance of its prediction capability.     

Remote sensing data classification using tolerant rough set and neural networks

Professor Pawlak introduced rough set theory, which is a method to represent, learn and induce in-complete data and uncertainty knowledge, in 1982[1]. Compared with traditional set theory, the strict axiom condition is broadened in rough set theory, which in-cluded vagueness concept and extended logic of set theory. It has been used successfully to deal with vagueness and uncertainty fields, for example machine learning, knowledge acquirement, decision analysis, pattern recognition and data mi…     

Probabilistic-fuzzy health risk modeling

Health risk analysis of multi-pathway exposure to contaminated water involves the use of mechanistic models that include many uncertain and highly variable parameters. Currently, the uncertainties in these models are treated using statistical approaches. However, not all uncertainties in data or model parameters are due to randomness. Other sources of imprecision that may lead to uncertainty include scarce or incomplete data, measurement error, data obtained from expert judgment, or subjective interpretation of available information. These kinds of uncertainties and also the non-random uncertainty cannot be treated solely by statistical methods. In this paper we propose the use of fuzzy set theory together with probability theory to incorporate uncertainties into the health risk analysis. We identify this approach as probabilistic-fuzzy risk assessment (PFRA). Based on the form of available information, fuzzy set theory, probability theory, or a combination of both can be used to incorporate parameter uncertainty and variability into mechanistic risk assessment models. In this study, tap water concentration is used as the source of contamination in the human exposure model. Ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact are considered as multiple exposure pathways. The tap water concentration of the contaminant and cancer potency factors for ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact are treated as fuzzy variables while the remaining model parameters are treated using probability density functions. Combined utilization of fuzzy and random variables produces membership functions of risk to individuals at different fractiles of risk as well as probability distributions of risk for various alpha-cut levels of the membership function. The proposed method provides a robust approach in evaluating human health risk to exposure when there is both uncertainty and variability in model parameters. PFRA allows utilization of certain types of information which have not been used directly in existing risk assessment methods.     

东海海底沙脊的结构及沉积环境

东海中南部海底分布广泛的脊槽状也形引起了人们广泛关注，有关文献称之谓全新世海进期的潮流沙脊；但对于沙脊的内部结构及其沉积环境序列、沙脊的活动性等问题，尚无明确结论。根据地震剖面和钻孔柱状资料，对沙脊体的地层结构、沉积环境和沉积时代进行了研究，认为海底沙脊群属于退期三角洲沉积体系，目前已被冰后期海进形成的已改造的陆架席状砂所覆盖，且不存在消脊迁移的迹象。     

脆弱性视角下辽宁沿海地区人海关系地域系统特征演化及可持续发展模式

从脆弱性视角探究区域的可持续发展,将人海关系地域系统分为资源环境系统、经济系统和社会系统。运用集对分析和脆弱性评估相结合的方法,运用主、客观相结合的组合赋权法确定指标权重,分析1996—2014年辽宁沿海地区人海关系地域系统脆弱性的演变趋势,运用三角图法对1996—2014年辽宁沿海地区人海关系地域系统脆弱性进行分类,进而探究其可持续发展的模式。结果表明:(1)辽宁沿海地区人海关系地域系统脆弱性虽然波动频繁,但整体呈下降态势,稳定性显著增强;(2)研究期内,辽宁沿海地区人海关系地域系统没有出现单一子系统脆弱型,而复合子系统脆弱型和均衡脆弱型是其主要类型;(3)建议通过规避模式、适应模式及循环模式,加强陆海统筹,控制海洋资源的过度开发,充分合理利用资源,发展科学技术,培养人才,加强海洋污染治理和环境保护,降低辽宁沿海地区人海关系地域系统脆弱性,从而实现可持续发展的目标。     

基于集对分析的区域生态文化健康评价——以云南省大理白族自治州为例

生态文化健康是衡量区域自然生态和社会文化可持续发展的重要准则。本文以云南省生态城镇建设区——大理白族自治州为例,基于生态—文化耦合系统可持续性视角构建生态文化健康评价指标体系,采用集对分析和信息熵开展县域尺度定量评价,并通过分析各县市自然、文化健康组合状况,开展相应的管控发展战略分区。研究结果表明：大理州生态文化健康水平呈现西部高于东部、北部优于南部的整体特征,云龙县生态文化健康水平为全州最高,祥云县最低。根据各县市的生态文化健康因子组合特征将12个县市分为四类发展战略区,即生态文化协同保护区、生态文化均衡发展区、生态恢复优先区、文化建设优先区。本文提出的生态文化健康评价指标体系对制定区域可持续发展战略具有重要的理论和实践意义。     

关于诱导映射的注记

指出与修正了何明在“Ｌ不分明集上的双诱导映射”（《科学通报》），１９８６年第６期４７５页）一文中的错误。推广了双诱导映射的概念，即给出了ｆ、ｇｘ的诱导映射的定义，并讨论了它的性质，这对由分明集、低层次集上的映射构造不同特色的不分明集、高层次集上的映射是有指导意义的。