Integrating neo- and paleolimnological approaches to refine interpretations of environmental change

With the development of quantitative transfer functions to relate community structure to physicochemical variables, reconstructions of past environmental conditions have been possible and have enhanced our understanding of various ecosystem processes. There are cases, however, in which this approach is not applicable, or does not provide enough information for the questions being asked. In these cases, some alternatives are to conduct experiments or to examine the distribution of species at a finer spatial resolution. These two approaches have been used as alternatives to or in conjunction with the development of transfer functions. In this review, I discuss the ways in which these two approaches are now being used in paleolimnological studies to enhance our understanding of the ecology of the species found in sediment records and thus refine interpretations of environmental change. My focus is primarily on studies that deal with establishing clearer relationships between environmental variables and the growth or distribution of organisms. I present examples of how these approaches have been integrated in a variety of studies, including those designed to: (1) refine and enhance reconstructions that are based on transfer functions; (2) develop new paleolimnological tools to reconstruct environmental change; (3) explore mechanistic links in the relationships between organisms and commonly reconstructed environmental variables; and (4) pose and test hypotheses based on patterns in the sediment record. These cases demonstrate that the use of these approaches was essential to clarify species-environment relationships as well as lake responses to disturbance. As in all disciplines, however, there are many challenges in this area of research. In particular, the quantitative integration of these approaches with the sediment record is a major challenge, due to disparate spatial and temporal scales. This research can also be quite labor-intensive, and provides information on fewer taxa than in the calibration set approach. It also requires interdisciplinary training and/or collaboration in fields that have historically been less integrated, hence they may require greater effort. These issues may hinder the use of these approaches because of the perceived difficulty. I discuss these challenges and address possible solutions.     

基于Vague集的建筑物地震倒塌率研究

介绍了相似度量及地震事件的建筑物破坏相似因素分析,并在此基础上建立了基于相似度量的建筑物地震倒塌率的预测函数.最后,以历史地震事件统计数据为基础,根据假设检验理论得出了预测误差与相似度量的关系.     

河北省地理资源专题数据库结构设计

河北省地理资源专题数据库是河北省科技资源数据库的重要组成部分之一,旨在整合与建设河北省相关地理资源数据.设计了地理资源专题数据库的3个子数据库:地名与区域经济数据库、风景旅游资源数据库、地貌与地质基础数据库,并在数据库建设项目的实践中,提出了在国家科技基础条件平台下省级地理资源数据库的建设方向和主要内容,也阐述了地理资源数据库的基本标准和数据结构,最后总结了地理资源数据库(集)建设过程中遇到的问题和解决办法.     

基于粗糙集理论的边坡稳定性评价中因素权重确定方法的研究

为了准确计算影响边坡稳定性的各个因素的权重,应用粗糙集理论对原始数据进行挖掘,在实测数据离散化的基础上,将权重确定问题转化为粗糙集中属性重要性评价问题,建立了关于边坡稳定性评价的关系数据模型,经过属性值特征化建立了知识系统,在数据分析下通过分析评判方法对评价对象的支持度和重要性,计算出边坡稳定性评价模型的权重。该方法克服了传统权重确定方法的主观性,使得边坡稳定性评价方法更具客观性,从而提高了边坡稳定性评价的精度,通过实例说明该方法更加合理有效。     

山岳型旅游地水资源系统安全评价——以黄山风景区为例

以黄山风景区为案例地,基于1998-2012 年15 年间的水资源与旅游发展相关数据,运用集对分析法,从扰动性和应对能力两个层面建立评价指标体系,对其年际及月际水资源系统安全态势进行评价。结果表明：① 15 年间,黄山风景区年际水资源系统安全性综合指数总体处于中等水平,并呈现逐年上升趋势;② 月际水资源系统安全性平均指数虽总体也处于中等水平,但存在月际差异,大体呈“双峰双谷”型;③ 年际系统安全性与扰动性指数、应对能力指数呈现出显著的正相关关系。月际系统安全性则与扰动性指数、应对能力指数呈现出负相关关系。应对能力强弱对年际水资源安全性具有重要作用,对月际系统安全性调节具有局限性。④ 水资源潜力、旅游发展、用水效率和纳污能力共同构成了系统安全的扰动要素,资金收入与投入、技术与道德措施形成了系统的应对能力,但各因子作用强度、性质不同。     

全球多分辨率数据模型的构建与快速显示

在总结并分析国内外已有的多种全球数据浏览和显示系统的基础上,采用了全球空间四叉树模型与“视点相关”的处理方式,并将多线程理论有效地应用到超大数据的管理与显示中,建立了合理的多线程访问机制,利用金字塔瓦片数据集管理影像与DEM数据,实现了局域网内的分布存储与分发,并开发了全球海量数据管理客户端实验系统GlobalView。     

“天地图”市级节点地名地址数据建设的研究

结合＂哈尔滨市大比例尺基础测绘＂项目及＂城市基础地理信息调查＂项目所获取的地名地址数据,通过研究该类数据的概念模型、基本属性项,以及几何表达规则,阐述＂天地图＂市级节点地名地址数据的建设、获取方法等内容。     

基于变分水平集方法的浒苔绿潮面积信息提取

绿潮面积信息提取是绿潮遥感监测中极其重要的环节,其结果将直接影响后续的统计分析和预测预警工作。目前科研人员一般基于传统阈值方法对绿潮面积信息进行提取,其提取结果具有不稳定、效率低、人为因素影响大等缺点。针对上述问题,本文基于变分水平集的对偶方法和分裂Bregman投影方法对绿潮面积信息进行了提取,并提出一种对上述两种方法提取出的绿潮面积信息结果进行量化的新方法。分别基于传统阈值方法、变分水平集的对偶方法和分裂Bregman投影方法进行了3幅影像的绿潮信息提取实验,对提取结果进行了比对分析。实验结果表明,对分辨率较高的卫星遥感数据,无论从运行效率还是从绿潮面积信息提取结果的精确性及稳定性上,基于变分水平集的对偶方法和分裂Bregman投影方法均优于基于传统阈值方法。     

基于粗糙集的交通道路与城镇用地扩展关系分析

交通道路是城镇用地扩展的重要驱动力因素之一,对城镇用地的扩展具有积极的作用。城镇用地的扩展也不断地对交通道路的发展提出新的需求。目前,众多的数理方法和空间模型已用以研究交通道路与城镇用地扩展之间的相互作用。为了更加有效地分析交通道路与城镇用地扩展的作用关系,以更加有效地研究交通道路与城镇用地扩展的相互作用程度和模式,需进一步探索新的技术方法和手段。本文利用粗糙集理论,以广东省城镇化问题为例,从一个新的角度来研究交通道路与城镇用地扩展之间的关系。结果表明,使用粗糙集抽取的反映交通道路和城镇用地扩展的决策规则可以有效地反映交通道路与城镇用地扩展的关系,对于城镇化的研究具有一定的指导作用。     

Using fuzzy operators to address the complexity in decision making of water resources redistribution in two neighboring river basins

This paper emphasizes the use of fuzzy sets for incorporating objective and subjective uncertainties to address coevolutionary alignment of a suite of water resources redistribution alternatives in a transboundary channel–reservoir system. The highlighted decision making complexity arises from the interactions between two neighboring water systems (i.e., the Tseng-Wen and Kao-Ping River Basins, South Taiwan) where a pending diversion plan has been under intensive debate for over a decade. While the local stakeholders make uncertain science linked with uncertain politics resulting in endless delay of the diversion plan, the environmental advocacy groups stress the increasing concern of loss of biological integrity due to changes of land use when sharing water resources across the boundary. Consequently, there is a need to generate a novel integration that enables us to consider a vast number of internal weirs, water intakes, reservoirs, drainage ditches, and transfer pipelines within the basin and bring out the connectivity via diversion between these two neighboring river basins under uncertainty. To explore the managerial implications with varying risk perception and risk attitude, four types of fuzzy operators tailored for the fuzzy multi-objective decision analysis depict greater flexibility in representing the complexity of possible trade-offs among those alternatives. These trade-offs in the multi-objective evaluation context are constrained by physical, chemical, socioeconomic, managerial, and technical factors reflecting the needs for adaptive water resources management. Findings indicates that the use of fuzzy operators is instructive, which could provide unique guidance for enlightening the potential barriers in sustainable water resources management at the regional scale.