正倒垂法变形监测的原理与数据分析

大坝变形监测是一项精度非常高的工作,正倒垂作为一种十分常用的监测方法,在大坝的变形监测中发挥着巨大的作用。首先介绍了正倒垂法变形监测的原理与方法,通过采集隔河岩大坝四个测点的正倒垂观测数据,重点探讨和分析了大坝水平位移与环境量之间的关系及其变化规律,并由此得出一些相关结论,最后提出了正倒垂的一些改进措施。     

一种隧道整体变形监测方法及其应用

目的 提出了采用隧道多点整体监测取代传统单点监测的方法,将三维激光扫描技术应用于隧道变形监测领域,介绍了作业流程和作业中应注意的问题,讨论了点云配准和坐标转换问题,给出了应用实例。研究表明,采用ICP配准方法在隧道进行外业扫描的测站距离不能超过隧道直径,外业扫描的合理分辨率以高分辨率为宜,当扫描遮挡率过大时,为了避开障碍物影响需要在隧道中心线两侧分别扫描;采用本方法可以一次快速、全面地获取隧道表面的完整数据,克服了传统方法的不足。     

基于SMVF的高频雷达自适应多目标检测

针对高频雷达强海杂波和干扰环境下的多目标检测问题,结合S-method时频分布和Vitcrbi算法提出了一种多分量线性调频信号瞬时频率估计方法—SMVF法(S-method viterbi fitting),然后根据所提取的瞬时频率的直线拟合性能,提出了一种自适应多目标检测算法。实测数据的处理结果,表明了该算法在低信噪比时,与WDM法(wigncr distribution maxima) , WDV法( wigncr distribution vitcrbi)相比,估计精度提高约2000,验证了该算法的可行性和有效性。     

专业认证制度下变形观测分析与预报课程教学改革

文章从落实专业认证的现实需要出发,论述了工程教育专业认证的核心理念.并籍此对变形观测分析与预报课程的教学现状进行了深刻反思,提出了以目标导向为主的课程体系改革,以学生为中心的课堂教学改革,以内外反馈信息为导向的持续改进的课程教改方案.教学各环节中,以专业“产出”衡量专业人才培养质量,“看学不看教”,阶段性考核,确保教学改革落到实处.     

测量监测技术在高层钢结构施工中的应用实践

本文结合大连期货大厦高层钢结构施工放样工程论述了高层钢结构主体施工控制和监测的工艺方法,具体介绍了首层控制网建立,内控点投测、轴线控制,标高控制、标高传递的步骤,以及钢柱扭转、错位、垂直度纠正的方法,对其它高层钢结构施工有参考价值。     

巧用GIS空间叠置分析计算遮蔽角

雷达在某个方向上发现目标的最小高低角叫遮蔽角[1]。快速准确计算出气象雷达各方向的最大遮蔽角能够为雷达站的点位和天线高度提供设计依据。本文以某机场为例,在不考虑植被或建筑物高度的提前下,利用等高线数据,采用GIS的空间叠置分析功能快速计算该机场气象雷达每隔2。5°方向的最大遮蔽角。相比传统的断面计算法,GIS空间叠置分析方法大大提高了工作效率,希望能够引导读者注重GIS在工作中的应用。     

Cascaded image analysis for dynamic crack detection in material testing

Concrete probes in civil engineering material testing often show fissures or hairline-cracks. These cracks develop dynamically. Starting at a width of a few microns, they usually cannot be detected visually or in an image of a camera imaging the whole probe. Conventional image analysis techniques will detect fissures only if they show a width in the order of one pixel. To be able to detect and measure fissures with a width of a fraction of a pixel at an early stage of their development, a cascaded image analysis approach has been developed, implemented and tested. The basic idea of the approach is to detect discontinuities in dense surface deformation vector fields. These deformation vector fields between consecutive stereo image pairs, which are generated by cross correlation or least squares matching, show a precision in the order of 1/50 pixel. Hairline-cracks can be detected and measured by applying edge detection techniques such as a Sobel operator to the results of the image matching process. Cracks will show up as linear discontinuities in the deformation vector field and can be vectorized by edge chaining. In practical tests of the method, cracks with a width of 1/20 pixel could be detected, and their width could be determined at a precision of 1/50 pixel.     

基于主成分分析的ENVISAT ASAR数据在福建省漳州市香蕉园地提取中的应用(英文)

Banana is one of the main economic agrotypes in Zhangzhou, Fujian Province. The multi-temporal ENVISAT ASAR data with different polarization are used to classify the banana fields in this paper. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied for six pairs of ASAR dual-polarization data. For its large leaves, banana has high backscatter. So the value of banana fields is high and shows very bright in the 1st component, which makes it much easier for banana fields extraction. Dual-polarization data provide more information, and the VV and VH backscatter of banana show different characters with other land covers. Based on the analysis of the radar signature of banana fields and other land covers and the 1st component, banana fields are classified using object-oriented classifier. Compared to the field survey data and ASTER data, the accuracy of banana fields in the study area is 83.5%. It shows that the principal component analysis provides the useful information in SAR images analysis and makes the extraction of banana fields easier. Supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-05-0573), Fujian Science and Technology Project (No.2006I0018), the Science Project of the Education Department of Fujian Province(No. 2006F5022).     

GPS现代化后L2C的信号质量分析

分析了L2C码的主要作用,比较了GPS现代化后L2载波信噪比的变化特点,阐述了伪距观测值的噪声水平。     

半参数模型统计诊断与粗差检验

This paper systematically studies the statistical diagnosis and hypothesis testing for the semiparametric linear regression model according to the theories and methods of the statistical diagnosis and hypothesis testing for parametric regression model.Several diagnostic measures and the methods for gross error testing are derived.Especially,the global and local influence analysis of the gross error on the parameter X and the nonparameter s are discussed in detail;at the same time,the paper proves that the d...