综合PNT体系及其关键技术

综合定位、导航与授时(PNT)的核心是不过分依赖GNNS,采用一切可以应用的PNT信息源实施全空域目标定位、导航与授时服务。本文分析了综合PNT需求,论述了综合PNT的基本定义和基本概念,分析了综合PNT所涉及的信息源,论述了综合PNT关联的核心技术,包括多源PNT传感器集成技术、多源PNT的数据融合技术。强调指出,综合PNT体系的信息源必须是"基于不同物理原理的多源信息";综合PNT的运控系统应该基于云平台,实现用户志愿者共同测控;用户终端或传感器必须"深度集成、低功耗";PNT服务信息必须是"智能融合或自适应融合"。综合PNT系统应该在统一时空基准下,满足服务的可用性、精确性、可靠性、连续性和稳健性。     

遥感影像解译样本的一体化生产研究

遥感影像解译样本数据包括地面照片和遥感影像实例,是制作遥感影像解译样本数据库的基础资料。文中针对地理国情普查中遥感影像解译样本的采集、整理进行了研究,通过利用GEOWAY地理国情普查外业调绘核查软件完成遥感影像解译样本的采集、整理,实现了解译样本的一体化生产流程,并与传统的纸质调绘、PDA数字调绘进行对比分析,充分证明解译样本的一体化生产流程自动化程度高,减少了人力、物力,提高了生产效率。     

多传感器影像建模的海洋遥感数据管理应用

针对海洋遥感数据多源、异构特点显著、采用传统文件型或关系型数据库难以有效集成管理的问题,该文提出了面向海量多源影像数据集成管理的多传感器影像建模技术。在系统分析各类数据存储、组织结构的基础上,分别构建元数据模型和数据模型;数据模型由惟一标识ID、元数据信息、快视图、空间特征和影像数据实体构成,并由ID进行关联;提出了元数据的自动提取与匹配方法,实现了多源遥感影像数据元数据和快视图的自动提取,以及元数据与数据文件、空间特征和快视图的自动匹配,构成了海量多源遥感影像数据统一入库和集成管理的基础。该文提出的方法在我国海洋部门遥感影像数据管理系统中得到了成功应用,有助于提升现有海洋遥感影像数据集成管理和信息化的服务能力。     

非物质文化系列专题制图方法探讨

针对传统制图方法在动态制图、数据更新和地图服务等方面的不足,该文提出了一套较为系统的非物质文化专题制图设计模式:引入建库与制图一体化思想,通过建立完整的非物质文化数据库,实现了数据入库、存储与管理的一体化控制;建库数据动态派生制图数据,不仅避免了数据冗余,而且达到了一库两用的目的;基于数据库设计,运用GIS地图表达功能,实现了非物质文化专题信息可视化,并总结了可视化过程中空间尺度变换时各类地图要素的选择或约束方法。最后通过实例证明了本文方法的可行性和有效性。     

An analysis of second-order wave forces on floating bodies by using a higher-order boundary element method

The wave diffraction and radiation problem is studied numerically by using a higher-order boundary element method. The convergence of the higher-order boundary element method is tested systematically for bodies of different shapes. For the second-order force, particular attention is paid to the contribution of the second-order potential, following the line of Molin's approach. For numerical evaluation, the free surface is divided into three subregions; inner, intermediate and outer ones. In the inner region, the integral is evaluated numerically by using higher-order boundary elements. In the intermediate region, semi-analytic form is constructed with the help of eigen functions. In the outer domain, the analytic solution is available. This subdivision scheme reduces the numerical burden remarkably.     

Vertical integration in the post-IFQ halibut fishery

In some fisheries, claims have been made that quota programs have led to increased vertical integration, with processors controlling quota and fishermen. In the US halibut fishery a quota program was designed specifically to maintain the small-scale vessel nature of the fishery. This paper reports on what changes have been seen in the vertical structure of the halibut fishery and offers some explanation for these changes. Results indicate that the specific rights granted can have significantly different effects on the vertical structure of the industry. In the case of the halibut fishery vertical integration was avoided and market transactions actually increased.     

海洋环境要素的声光集成测量

本文介绍海洋环境要素的声光集成测量原理和测量方法。文中以作者主持的海洋８６３项目“声光悬浮沙粒径谱测量仪”为例,列举了声速、声衰减、悬浮泥沙粒径谱的测量结果。海洋声速、声衰减、温度、盐度、悬浮物等都是海水的重要参数。这些参数的测量,对海洋开发、海洋环保、海洋军事有重要的意义。     

An efficient finite–discrete element method for quasi‐static nonlinear soil–structure interaction problems

An efficient finite–discrete element method applicable for the analysis of quasi‐static nonlinear soil–structure interaction problems involving large deformations in three‐dimensional space was presented in this paper. The present method differs from previous approaches in that the use of very fine mesh and small time steps was not needed to stabilize the calculation. The domain involving the large displacement was modeled using discrete elements, whereas the rest of the domain was modeled using finite elements. Forces acting on the discrete and finite elements were related by introducing interface elements at the boundary of the two domains. To improve the stability of the developed method, we used explicit time integration with different damping schemes applied to each domain to relax the system and to reach stability condition. With appropriate damping schemes, a relatively coarse finite element mesh can be used, resulting in significant savings in the computation time. The proposed algorithm was validated using three different benchmark problems, and the numerical results were compared with existing analytical and numerical solutions. The algorithm performance in solving practical soil–structure interaction problems was also investigated by simulating a large‐scale soft ground tunneling problem involving soil loss near an existing lining. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.