Land change attribution based on Landsat time series and integration of ancillary disturbance data in the Athabasca oil sands region of Canada

The Alberta Oil Sands (AOS) is a unique area in Canada undergoing significant disturbance and recovery due to a variety of anthropogenic and natural factors. Accurately quantifying these changes in space and time is important for assessing ecosystem status and trends. In this research, we implemented an approach to combine Landsat time series for the period 1984–2012 with ancillary change datasets to derive detailed change attribution in the AOS. Detected changes were attributed to causes including fire, forest harvest, surface mining, insect damage, flooding, regeneration, and several generic change classes (abrupt/gradual, with/without regeneration) with accuracies ranging from 74% to 100% for classes that occurred frequently. Lower accuracies were found for the generic gradual change classes which accounted for less than 3% of the affected area. Timing of abrupt change events were generally well captured to within ±1 year. For gradual changes timing was less accurate and variable by change type. A land-cover time series was also created to provide information on “from-to” change. A basic accuracy assessment of the land cover showed it to be of moderate accuracy, approximately 69%. Results show that fire was the major cause of change in the region. As expected, surface mine development and related activities have increased since 2000. Insect damage has become a more significant agent of change in the region. Further investigation is required to determine if insect damage is greater than past historical events and to determine if industrial development is linked to the increasing trend observed.     

关于测绘生产单位信息化测绘体系建设的思考

根据当前信息化测绘体系建设工作推进情况和存在的问题,本文提出了"信息化测绘体系建设=装备引进+资源整合+技术改造+系统建设+安全防护"的构想,构建动态、及时和按需的测绘生产和服务模式,进一步加强资源整合,强调了"人"的信息化的重要性和途径,详细阐述了测绘生产单位依托实际项目来持续改进建设工作的意见和建议。     

开放式位置态势系统设计与实现

位置态势是战场环境感知的重要内容,为辅助指战员高效地掌控战场位置态势,本文结合定位导航服务,设计了开放式位置态势系统框架。基于定位导航服务在军事中应用现状,探讨了位置态势系统构建的关键技术,结合北斗系统短报文功能,构建了位置报送网络;基于GIS插件式开发方法,提出开放式位置态势系统框架的设计原则,并设计了开放式位置态势系统框架和功能插件;结合军事地形学应用需求,构建了军事地形学野外训练考核系统,验证了该框架的可行性。     

浅谈云南应急地图快速制图预案设计

探讨了应急地图的特点,简要分析了云南省现行的应急地图制作流程及缺点;结合云南省应急地图制作的实际情况,简要阐述了基于"图库一体化"技术的多级比例应急制图预案设计的主要思想及实施关键点;实现了应急地图凭经验设计到快速设计的转变,大大缩短了制作时间,提高了成图效率,更好地发挥了应急地图在处置突发事件中的突出作用;最后就目前存在的问题提出了下一步的研究方向。     

“多规合一”空间规划底图编制方法

实现空间性规划"多规合一"需要统一、标准的空间规划底图(地理信息数据库、技术规范等),可为划分城镇、农业、生态三类空间并准确划定边界提供基础数据,也可为相关规划的空间管制分区的细化提供技术支撑。为此,本文分析"多规合一"存在的空间基准、用地分类标准、规划底图、规划基础平台等主要技术问题,提出基于地理国情普查成果编制空间规划底图的方法,并进行黑龙江、海南"多规合一"试点应用,为相关工作提供参考。     

The broken promises of social mix: the case of the Cabrini Green/Near North area in Chicago

Public policies of social mixing have been enacted as the reversal of what segregation and concentrated poverty are presumed to have produced: intensified social problems (i.e., “neighborhood effects”). In addition, the pervasive discourses of diversity have provided more support for the idea of social mixing. Studies on planned and unplanned diverse neighborhoods have shown how certain diverse patterns can emerge and endure over time. Yet these studies have failed to explain how such demographic diversity becomes integration. In this article, I draw on a multidimensional perspective of socio-spatial integration to present a qualitative case study of the Cabrini Green/Near North area in Chicago—a neighborhood with a long history of segregation and recent socially engineered diversity. The case shows how contentious this new coexistence has been, and how segregation has been shifting its mechanisms of enforcement from housing to other spheres of life. I conclude with reflections on four dimensions of socio-spatial integration, and on the troubling policy and theoretical implications of the “social mix” paradigm.     

基于多源信息融合理论的盐湖资源综合动态监测及预警系统设计与实现

近年来随着人类开采力度的不断加大和全球气候变化的影响,盐湖资源系统正在发生着急剧变化,盐湖生产对环境的影响也日渐突出。将多源信息融合理论与动态综合监测理论相结合,基于GIS、物联网和无线通讯技术,从相互关联的环境、资源和产业多个子系统中选取关键监测指标,从构建理论、构建原则、技术体系和系统结构等方面对构建盐湖资源综合监测系统进行全面设计;并结合青海吉乃尔盐湖区具体实际,在监测站网的最优化布局、传感器选型、数据传输方案和多源数据整合方面开展深入探讨;最后对水灾、环境、生产等预警模型的预警层次和预警模式提出具体实现路径。对保障盐湖产业可持续发展与生产安全,保证西部国民经济、社会和谐发展具有重要意义。     

不动产存量数据整合方法研究与实践

当前全国不动产统一登记工作全面开展,土地、房屋等存量数据整合成为实现准确高效登记与数据汇交的关键.本文通过多地不动产土地、房屋等存量数据整合项目实践,总结出了不动产土地、房屋等存量数据的整合思路与实施要点,对不动产存量数据整合工作的开展提出了建议,对于规范存量数据整合作业模式、降低业务办理风险、提高登记业务办件效率、满足市民办件期望具有重要的现实意义.     

Closing the governance gaps in the water-energy-food nexus: Insights from integrative governance

The water-energy-food nexus has become a popular concept in environmental change research and policy debates. Proponents suggest that a nexus approach promotes policy coherence through identifying optimal policy mixes and governance arrangements across the water, energy and food sectors. Although the nexus literature identifies some barriers to achieving coherence it does not clearly explain why the barriers are present, what influences them, and how they can be acted upon. These gaps disconnect the nexus literature from the governance processes it ultimately seeks to influence. This paper examines how the integrative environmental governance literature can help to close these gaps. It extracts insights from seven streams of research literature and discusses their relevance for the nexus literature. We argue that connecting the nexus to decision-making processes requires: i) rethinking the boundaries of nexus analysis vis-à-vis other sectors and levels; ii) elaboration of shared principles that can guide decision-making towards policy coherence − or an appropriate form of fragmentation − in different contexts; iii) viewing policy coherence as a continuous process of changing values and perception rather than as an outcome.     

Enhancing the performance of regional land cover mapping

Different pixel-based, object-based and subpixel-based methods such as time-series analysis, decision-tree, and different supervised approaches have been proposed to conduct land use/cover classification. However, despite their proven advantages in small dataset tests, their performance is variable and less satisfactory while dealing with large datasets, particularly, for regional-scale mapping with high resolution data due to the complexity and diversity in landscapes and land cover patterns, and the unacceptably long processing time. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the comparatively highest performance of an operational approach based on integration of multisource information ensuring high mapping accuracy in large areas with acceptable processing time. The information used includes phenologically contrasted multiseasonal and multispectral bands, vegetation index, land surface temperature, and topographic features. The performance of different conventional and machine learning classifiers namely Malahanobis Distance (MD), Maximum Likelihood (ML), Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), Support Vector Machines (SVMs) and Random Forests (RFs) was compared using the same datasets in the same IDL (Interactive Data Language) environment. An Eastern Mediterranean area with complex landscape and steep climate gradients was selected to test and develop the operational approach. The results showed that SVMs and RFs classifiers produced most accurate mapping at local-scale (up to 96.85% in Overall Accuracy), but were very time-consuming in whole-scene classification (more than five days per scene) whereas ML fulfilled the task rapidly (about 10 min per scene) with satisfying accuracy (94.2–96.4%). Thus, the approach composed of integration of seasonally contrasted multisource data and sampling at subclass level followed by a ML classification is a suitable candidate to become an operational and effective regional land cover mapping method.