The evolution of the cluster X-ray scaling relations in the Wide Angle ROSAT Pointed Survey sample at 0.6 < z < 1.0

The X-ray properties of a sample of 11 high-redshift  (0.6 < z < 1.0)  clusters observed with Chandra and/or XMM–Newton are used to investigate the evolution of the cluster scaling relations. The observed evolution in the normalization of the   L – T , M – T , M _g– T   and M – L relations is consistent with simple self-similar predictions, in which the properties of clusters reflect the properties of the Universe at their redshift of observation. Under the assumption that the model of self-similar evolution is correct and that the local systems formed via a single spherical collapse, the high-redshift L – T relation is consistent with the high- z clusters having virialized at a significantly higher redshift than the local systems. The data are also consistent with the more realistic scenario of clusters forming via the continuous accretion of material.
The slope of the L – T relation at high redshift  ( B = 3.32 ± 0.37)  is consistent with the local relation, and significantly steeper than the self-similar prediction of   B = 2  . This suggests that the same non-gravitational processes are responsible for steepening the local and high- z relations, possibly occurring universally at   z ≳ 1  or in the early stages of the cluster formation, prior to their observation.
The properties of the intracluster medium at high redshift are found to be similar to those in the local Universe. The mean surface-brightness profile slope for the sample is  β= 0.66 ± 0.05  , the mean gas mass fractions within   R _{2500( z )}  and   R _{200( z )}  are  0.069 ± 0.012  and  0.11 ± 0.02  , respectively, and the mean metallicity of the sample is  0.28 ± 0.11 Z_⊙  .     

基于模糊度中误差的GPS信号第三民用频率L5的选取研究

从模糊度参数标准中误差角度出发讨论信号L5频率的选取问题,在双频观测资料模糊度参数估计基础上,研究三频观测资料模糊度参数估计,并进行模糊度参数标准中误差确定、讨论信号频率与模糊度标准中误差之间的关系,最后提出新的民用频率取值范围的建议。为今后的GALILEO系统、其他导航系统等信号频率选取提供一种思路和借鉴。     

我国天文大地网与GPS2000网联合平差单区平差处理方法研究

我国天文大地网与GPS2000网联合平差是一项大规模的测量数据处理工程,解算的未知数众多,为了便于检查原始观测数据粗差以及验证地面网与空间网的权匹配关系,需要进行单区平差数据处理研究和计算。本文主要讨论单区平差数据处理中的主要模型、大规模稀疏矩阵有效的解算方法并用软件加以实现,用此软件对5000点的实验区数据进行平差计算,得到了有益的结论。     

多坐标系中心组合图在地球信息图谱化中的应用

本文用典型实例验证了斜角坐标系量化图形中的多坐标系中心组合图展现地球信息图谱的优势和特点。这类图形以其“多坐标系”的特点和多种多样的组合形式,能够承载更大量的信息、更易反应数据内在规律。通过选择最佳的图形类型,对地球信息进行高效传输,通过图形使宏观的地学自然规律变得清晰可见,提供地学信息图谱的一种新展现手法。     

鄂尔多斯北缘断裂托克托段晚第四纪活动特征

鄂尔多斯北缘断裂作为河套断陷带和鄂尔多斯地块的边界断裂,研究其晚第四纪活动特征,对于科学评价黄河流域内蒙古河套段的地震危险性具有重要意义。本文利用野外地质调查、微地貌测量、浅层人工地震勘探及钻孔联合剖面探测相结合的方法,综合地层年代样品测试结果,确定了该断裂托克托段的准确位置和最新活动特征。研究结果表明,鄂尔多斯北缘断裂托克托段沿线构造地貌不发育,推测断裂的最新活动可能尚未达到地表,地表的地貌陡坎应为河流侵蚀成因。断裂在深、浅地震反射剖面上表现为“Ｙ”字形的张性断裂系,主断裂倾向北,分支断裂倾向南,整体上陡下缓,具有多个地堑式分布的特点。跨断裂钻孔联合剖面上显示,单个分支断裂的同震垂直位移量为2～2.5 m,最新活动时代为43.5～70 ka。鄂尔多斯北缘断裂是一条晚更新世活动的深大断裂,具有一定的地震危险性。     

Thermo-economic Investigation of an Enhanced Geothermal System Organic Rankine Cycle and Combined Heating and Power System

As a potentially viable renewable energy, Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGSs) extract heat from hot dry rock (HDR) reservoirs to produce electricity and heat, which promotes the progress towards carbon peaking and carbon neutralization. The main challenge for EGSs is to reduce the investment cost. In the present study, thermo-economic investigations of EGS projects are conducted. The effects of geofluid mass flow rate, wellhead temperature and loss rate on the thermo-economic performance of the EGS organic Rankine cycle (ORC) are studied. A performance comparison between EGS-ORC and the EGS combined heating and power system (CHP) is presented. Considering the CO2 emission reduction benefits, the influence of carbon emission trading price on the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) is also presented. It is indicated that the geofluid mass flow rate is a critical parameter in dictating the success of a project. Under the assumed typical working conditions, the LCOE of EGS-ORC and EGS-CHP systems are 24.72 and 16.1 cents/kWh, respectively. Compared with the EGS-ORC system, the LCOE of the EGS-CHP system is reduced by 35%. EGS-CHP systems have the potential to be economically viable in the future. With carbon emission trading prices of 12.76 USD/ton, the LCOE can be reduced by approximately 8.5%.