多波束测深系统的精度评估方法研究

在分析了多波束测深系统测量误差来源的基础上，讨论了多波柬测深系统静态精度、相对精度和绝对精度的系统精度评估方法。采用的静态精度评估方法就是在多波柬测深系统静止的条件下考核其对同一位置测量深度的误差；相对精度评估方法就是布设多条交叉重叠的测线，考核交叉重叠点的测深误差；绝对精度评估方法是在多波束测深的同时利用高精度的测深仪测量同一区域，用此参考地理模型来检验多波束测深的精度。根据误差理论，三种精度评估的方法分别从系统稳定性、自符合性和系统误差方面确定各误差源的综合误差，它们是检验多波束测深系统精度是否符合海道测量标准的有效方法。文中给出了系统试验数据的重要结果及设备验收的方法。     

Seafloor mapping from high-density satellite altimetry

In this paper, we publish the results of a bathymetry survey based on the processing of satellite altimetry data. Data gathered from GEOSAT (Geodetic Mission), SEASAT, ERS-1 and TOPEX/POSEIDON satellites were processed to recover the seafloor topography over new seamounts in a test area located in the south central Pacific. We show that by processing high-density satellite altimetry data, alone or in combination with shiptrack bathymetric data, it is possible to produce full coverage bathymetric maps.     

合成孔径雷达探测浅海障碍物技术实例探析

阐述了合成孔径雷达(SAR)探测水下障碍物的发展历程,研究了SAR的成像机理,分析了水下障碍物的SAR成像数学物理模型,并依据该模型设计了水下障碍物的通用仿真计算流程。依据浅海SAR影像资料,针对典型的浅海水下障碍物SAR成像进行模拟仿真,并将仿真的结果与真实的影像进行比较分析,证实该仿真模型具有良好的模拟仿真效果,为浅海水下障碍物的探测提供了科学的依据。     

Biometry, Bathymetric Distribution, and Reproductive Cycle of the Holothuroid Holothuria tubulosa (Echinodermata) from Mediterranean Sea grass Beds

Abstract. Holothuria tubulosa individuals were sampled regularly at three different depths (6, 19, and 33m) over a 20-month period in a Posidonia oceanica meadow off Ischia Island (Italy). Biometrical analysis demonstrated that holothuroids have a well-marked size-related distribution according to depth, with the smallest individuals in the shallowest part of the meadow and the large ones in its deepest part. The observed distributions reflect the ability of H. tubulosa to grow more efficiently in areas of low water turbulence where Posidonia shoots are scattered and detrital food is more easily accessible. Recruitment takes place in the shallow meadow, and holothuroids with high reproductive potential only occur in the deep meadow. Small holothuroids (shallow individuals of similar sizes) may be either juveniles or sexually mature individuals; environmental constraints apparently restrict the growth of individuals and their gonads. There is a progressive downward migration of growing individuals when the whole population is considered, although at the level of the individual the migration occurs randomly. Accordingly, the size of a sexually mature individual is more a function of its past history in the meadow than of its real age.     

一种顾及水下地形特点的多波束点云去噪算法

针对包含大量噪声的多波束点云去噪问题,顾及水下地形特点设计算法去除近地表噪声和明显离群噪声。算法基于RANSAC算法思想拟合局部平面,结合统计分析方法去除给定阈值范围之外的噪声;结合共面法矢量特征预判去除离群面并探测保留陡坡等高程梯度变化明显的敏感地形。通过减少点云数据检索次数、使用哈希表等方式优化算法,提高执行效率。能够保证地形一致性的同时较好地保留区域边界等信息。最后,设计实验对多波束点云去噪结果达到预期,并对实验结果进行探讨提出后续研究方向。     

多波束测深海底数字地形模型的建立

针对多波束测深数据集,采用改进的距离反比权重算法和多细节层次模型技术来建立海底数字地形模型（DTM）。结果表明：本方法具有较高的精度和效率,可以满足不同分辨率要求的DTM应用。     

水深测量的误差因子分析

简述了现代海洋水深测量的基本特点;定性和定量地分析了由船速效应、波浪效应、定位中心偏心效应,以及测深仪发射声波延迟效应等测量环境效应引起的测量误差;推导了测量环境效应误差改正公式。计算机数值模拟结果表明,波浪效应是引起水深测量误差的主要因子。针对海洋水深测量环境效应的特点,提出了一些提高测量精度的方案和建议。     

多波束测深边缘波束误差的综合校正

边缘波束误差是影响多波束测深数据精度的主要因素,数据精度影响其可信度和使用范围,也是进行相关研究的基础.多波束勘测系统声呐参数的精确校正、勘测区声场模型的建立以及实时勘测海洋噪声的合理剔除是影响边缘波束数据质量的关键因素,严重时甚至导致勘测数据出现沿测线方向的条带状假地形或地形位置偏移.上述因素对多波束勘测数据的影响是一个综合作用的过程,靠单一的校正或编辑方法很难提高采集数据的精度.以多波束勘测原理和声学理论为指导,以多波束实测数据为研究基础和分析对象,运用GIS面向对象方法,全面分析造成多波束勘测大误差边缘波束的原因,并探寻改善已勘测多波束大误差数据、提高数据精度的综合处理方法,最终以可视化的方式实现人机交互处理.该项研究成果已初步应用于海洋项目总图编绘工作,并取得了预期效果.