水深测量误差分析与改正

影响水深测量精度的因素较多,水深测量误差主要有仪器误差、声速误差、潮位观测误差、船速误差和船只因素,较全面进行了测量误差原因分析,针对作业过程,提出采取提高测量精度措施,并通过应用实例说明应用注意事项。     

徐州赵圩地区新元古界风暴沉积序列类型及其水深控制

广义的风暴沉积是自然界内外地质营力促使海水产生足够大的漩涡流,对海底及海岸冲蚀形成的一种事件沉积.徐州赵圩地区发育丰富的晚元古代风暴沉积记录,通过野外露头剖面岩性观察与室内整理,划分出7种不同水深的风暴沉积序列类型.根据冲刷面、滞积层、丘状交错层理(HCS)、液化卷曲层理等典型风暴特征,可将这7种序列与浅海陆棚边缘-台地前缘缓斜坡-台前潮上环境的连续沉积相对应.据此分析了风暴沉积序列与水深的关系,并针对本区的沉积特点对风暴沉积成因进行探讨.     

海底地形测量波束角效应改进模型

在海洋测深过程中,回声测深仪波束角效应使记录的测深图像失真。现有波束角效应模型应用分段解析几何的方法将其划分为三个作用过程：测深值平移效应、双曲线增伪效应、深度丢失效应。在此基础上,应用微分几何的原理对波束角效应的空间结构及其数学原理描述进行理论分析,提出了波束角效应的改进模型及其改正算法。改进模型的优越之处在于提出决定波束角效应发生作用的是海底地形的线性特征而不是形状特征,由此提高了改正算法的自动化程度。     

基于测深数据的胶州湾底质类型估计方法

探讨了基于高精度多波束水深数据的底质分类方法。对高精度水深数据按一定采样窗口单元提取统计特征;利用聚类分析方法对采样窗口单元进行分类;将分类结果与表层沉积物底质调查结果以及声纳分类结果相对比,发现三者具有一致性。此方法可以用来识别基岩、砾石、沙和粘土等底质类型。     

西南印度洋中脊斜向扩张分段特征及构造成因探讨

斜向扩张是超慢速扩张洋中脊独特的构造特征,其地形分段特征明显区别于经典的快速-慢速端元洋中脊模型,是理解超慢速扩张洋中脊地质过程的重要切入点.基于西南印度洋中脊Indomed-Gallieni和Shaka-DuToit段多波束地形数据,分析了不同斜向扩张角度(α)洋中脊的地形分段样式.其中,46.5°～47.5°E(α...     

多波束系统横摇、纵倾参数的校正方法

多波束水深测量系统以条幅式测量为特点,比较传统单波束测深发生了巨大的变化,能够进行实时声速、船体姿态等参数的改正.多波束系统换能器安装时存在的纵倾角度偏差(pitch bias)和横摇角度偏差(roll bias)是产生水深测量系统误差的重要来源之一.分析两个参数对水深测量精度的影响,并根据其误差在地形剖面上的表现形式,讨论实测法和剖面重合法两种参数测试的方法,特别是针对剖面重合法参数测试,制作可视化操作界面,大大方便了野外和室内参数调整.测试获取的纵倾、横摇参数输入多波束系统中进行实时水深校正.在室内资料处理中,利用参数校正方法,能够对野外采集资料进行再处理,提高资料质量.     

Morphological Evolution and Its Response to the Navigational Improvements in the North Passage,Yangtze Estuary

By use of bathymetric chart,recent change of the riverbed in the North Passage of the Yangtze Estuary has been studied in this paper.The main channel of the upper,middle and lower(section)in the North Passage has been successively eroded and its groin field significantly deposited.At the same time,sediment has been deposited on the entrance region.Erosion and deposition had responded rapidly to the construction of the regulation engineering.There was about one year duration of lagging between erosion in the deep channel and the construction of the regulation engineering.The siltation lag of time in the groin field varied with the initial depth,but the average deposited thickness was about 0.5 m per year.Volumetric analysis demonstrates that there is a increasing trend of siltation in the North Passage after 2002,because of the difference in duration and quantity between erosion in the deep channel and deposition in the groin field.The water volume of the North Passage was reduced by ≈9%(280 million m3)between 2002 and 2006.Sediment budget reveals that the main sediment deposited in the North Passage takes its source from the river and the ocean.The decreasing water volume was attributable to shoaling in the groin field.Its triggering factors for increased sedimentation are the navigational improvements(jetties and groins)after 1998,which altered the passage boundary and destroyed the equilibrium state on the average ebb and flood sediment fluxes.The establishment of a stable estuary is attributed to a reduction in depth of the groin field.The forecast on the sediment deposition quantity and continuous infilling time in the groin system is about 325×106m3 and 6～7 years,respectively.     

Bowers Swell: Evidence for a zone of compressive deformation concentric with Bowers Ridge, Bering Sea

Bowers Swell is a newly discovered bathymetric feature which is up to 90 m high, between 12 and 20 km wide, and which extends arcuately about 400 km along the northern and eastern sides of Bowers Ridge. The swell was first revealed on GLORIA sonographs and subsequently mapped on seismic reflection and 3.5 kHz bathymetric profiles. These geophysical data show that the swell caps an arcuate anticlinal ridge, which is composed of deformed strata in an ancient trench on the northern and eastern sides of Bowers Ridge. The trench fill beneath the swell is actively deforming, as shown by faulting of the sea floor and by thinning of the strata across the crest of the swell. Thinning and faulting of the trench strata preclude an origin for the swell by simple sediment draping over an older basement high. We considered several models for the origin of Bowers Swell, including folding and uplift of the underlying trench sediment during the interaction between the Pacific plate beneath the Aleutian Ridge and a remnant oceanic slab beneath Bowers Ridge. However, such plate motions should generate extensive seismicity beneath Bowers Ridge, which is aseismic, and refraction data do not show any remnant slab beneath Bowers Ridge. Another origin considered for Bowers Swell invokes sediment deformation resulting from differential loading and diapirism in the trench fill. However, diapirism is not evident on seismic reflection profiles across the swell. We favour a model in which sediment deformation and swell formation resulted from a few tens of kilometers of low seismicity motion by intraplate crustal blocks beneath the Aleutian Basin. This motion may result from the translation of blocks in western Alaska to the south-west, forcing the movement of the Bering Sea margin west of Alaska into the abyssal Aleutian Basin.     

浅水多波束系统及其最新技术发展

针对目前国际上8家公司生产的16种新型浅水多波束系统的技术指标,对它们的技术性能,包括采用的波束形成方法、频率范围、测深量程、深度分辨率、最大测幅、单位时间（s）内的采样次数、波束宽度、侧扫功能、测深精度、测量航速、声线弯曲改正、姿态传感器及设备寿命等给予了评价,并展望了浅水多波束技术的发展前景.