软土海岸地区测量控制点标志的设立

分析了软土、湿地、滩涂地区特殊地理环境对测量控制点的影响;主要探讨了此类地区控制点标志的设计、施工。借助于建筑桩基技术和道桥施工方法,首次成功实现了某三角洲湿地滩涂地区统一布网。几年来,结合滩涂湿地测量、海岸防护和滩涂开发工程对部分控制点进行了初步检测,给出了部分检测数据。应用和检测均表明:桩基标石可较好地解决软土、湿地、滩涂地区控制点布设难题,显著提高软土海岸地区测量控制点标志的稳固性,从而延长控制网的可使用期。     

SeagrassNet monitoring across the Americas: case studies of seagrass decline

Seagrasses are an important coastal habitat worldwide and are indicative of environmental health at the critical land–sea interface. In many parts of the world, seagrasses are not well known, although they provide crucial functions and values to the world's oceans and to human populations dwelling along the coast. Established in 2001, SeagrassNet, a monitoring program for seagrasses worldwide, uses a standardized protocol for detecting change in seagrass habitat to capture both seagrass parameters and environmental variables. SeagrassNet is designed to statistically detect change over a relatively short time frame (1–2 years) through quarterly monitoring of permanent plots. Currently, SeagrassNet operates in 18 countries at 48 sites; at each site, a permanent transect is established and a team of people from the area collects data which is sent to the SeagrassNet database for analysis. We present five case studies based on SeagrassNet data from across the Americas (two sites in the USA, one in Belize, and two in Brazil) which have a common theme of seagrass decline; the study represents a first latitudinal comparison across a hemisphere using a common methodology. In two cases, rapid loss of seagrass was related to eutrophication, in two cases losses related to climate change, and in one case, the loss is attributed to a complex trophic interaction resulting from the presence of a marine protected area. SeagrassNet results provide documentation of seagrass change over time and allow us to make scientifically supported statements about the status of seagrass habitat and the extent of need for management action.     

动力定位系统发展状况及研究方法

动力定位系统（Dynamic Positioning System)是一种闭环的控制系统，其采用推力器来提供抵抗风、浪、流等作用在船上的环境力，从而使船尽可能地保持在海平面上要求的位置上，其定位成本不会随着水深增加而增加，并且操作也比较方便。本文对动力定位系统发展及各组成部分进行了介绍，以期对动力定位系统有个比较完整的认识。     

网箱养鱼诱发有机物污染的生物监测

介绍三种通过底栖动物群落结构的变化对有机物污染监测和评价的方法,并分别对澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚州Nubeena鳟鱼养殖场内由高密度网箱养鱼诱发的有机物污染进行了检测。结果表明:距网箱垂线0m处为严重污染区域,10m处为中度污染区域,30m为过渡类型,其有机物对该处底栖生物仍具有害影响,60m处为轻度有机物富集区,但该处有机物对底栖生物的总效应是有益的,60m以外为正常区域。本文还对三种方法的适用性进行了讨论。     

郯庐断裂带的断裂活动对渤海东部中、新生代裂谷盆地发育的控制作用

郯庐断裂带自南而北穿越渤海东部,自中生代中期至新生代中期表现裂谷发育特征。裂谷发育经历两个旋回,各旋回的裂谷发育演化、盆地分布格局,沉积相带,沉积补偿速度等均受断裂带的断裂活动的强烈控制。     

城市房地产开发建设项目环境管理探讨--以青岛市崂山区为例

以可持续发展战略为主线,总结和探讨了城市房地产开发建设项目的环境管理问题,指出：环境管理尤其是前置审批把关的重点应当是：（1）突出协调发展的重要性;（2）坚持以人为本,内外兼顾原则;（3）注重资源的合理有效利用;（4）提高技术含量,讲求效益统一;（5）建设期与营运期环境保护并重;（6）突出生态保护的重要性;（7）加强公众参与工作。     

Structural monitoring of offshore platforms using impulse and relaxation response

Monitoring offshore platforms, long span bridges, high rise buildings, TV towers and other similar structures is essential for ensuring their safety in service. Continuous monitoring assumes even greater significance in the case of offshore platforms, which are highly susceptible to damage due to the corrosive environment and the continuous action of waves. Also, since a major part of the structure is under water and covered by marine growth, even a trained diver cannot easily detect damage in the structure. In the present work, vibration criterion is adopted for structural monitoring of jacket platforms. Artificial excitation of these structures is not always practicable and ambient excitation due to wind and waves may not be sufficient for collecting the required vibration data. Alternate methods can be adopted for the same purpose, for example, the application of an impact or a sudden relaxation of an applied force for exciting the structure. For jacket platforms, impact can be applied by gently pushing the structure at the fender while relaxation can be accomplished by pulling the structure and then suddenly releasing it using a tug or a supply vessel in both cases. The present study is an experimental investigation on a laboratory model of a jacket platform, for exploring the feasibility of adapting vibration responses due to impulse and relaxation, for structural monitoring. Effects of damage in six members of the platform as well as changes in deck masses were studied. A finite element model of the structure was used to analyze all the cases for comparison of the results as well as system identification. A data acquisition and analysis procedure for obtaining the response signatures of the platform due to the impulse and relaxation procedure was also developed for possible adoption in on-line monitoring of offshore platforms. From the study, it has been concluded that both impulse and relaxation responses are useful tools for monitoring offshore jacket platforms. The present work forms the basis for the development of an automated, on-line monitoring system for offshore platforms, using neural networks.     

激光雷达技术在我国地形测图中应用前景广阔

激光雷达技术（Light Detection and Ranging,LiDAR）是近十年来快速发展并得到广泛应用的测量手段。美国地质调查局（USGS）、美国国家宇航局（NASA）以及美国地质学会（AASG）已经开始讨论建设全美高分辨率激光雷达数据库。我国正处于东部城市化、土地利用巨变、西部无图而经济高速发展的时期,国家、地方、企业生产单位迫切需要现实性强、精确度高、比例尺大的地形数据产品。满足这些要求的主要途径是采用激光雷达这一先进的测绘技术。我们建议国家、地方与企业统筹规划,各司其职,努力建设我国的激光雷达基础数据库。本文通过Stoker等（2008）介绍的第二届全美激光雷达战略研讨会上论述的激光雷达技术特点、激光雷达数据的科学需求与应用以及商业化运作问题,结合我国目前的激光雷达发展趋势、测绘数据需求以及土地利用变化监测等科学问题,简析激光雷达技术在我国的应用前景。     

基于非等间距模型的建筑物沉降预测方法研究

该文基于实测资料进行建筑物沉降预测。在灰色模型和泊松曲线模型理论的基础上,引入对非等间距数列进行变换处理的方法,从而建立了非等间距预测模型。结合建筑物沉降监测资料进行分析比较,结果表明,两种预测方法均能较好地反映建筑物的沉降趋势。