A collective human mobility analysis method based on data usage detail records

Human mobility patterns have been widely investigated due to their application in a wide variety of fields, for example urban planning and epidemiology. Many studies have introduced spatial networks into human mobility analyses at the collective level. However, these studies merely analyzed spatial network structure, and the underlying collective mobility patterns were not further discussed. In this paper, we propose a collective mobility discovery method based on community differences (CMDCD). We constructed spatial networks where nodes represent geographical entities and edge weights denote collective mobility intensity between geographical entities. The differences between communities detected from the networks constructed in different periods were then identified. Since collective spatial movement has a large influence on network structure, we can discover groups with different mobility patterns based on community differences. By applying the method to data usage detail records collected from the cellular networks in a city of China, we analyzed different collective mobility patterns between the Spring Festival vacation and workdays. The experimental results show that our method can solve these two problems of identifying community differences and discovering users with different mobility patterns simultaneously. Moreover, the CMDCD method is an integrated approach to discover groups whose mobility patterns have changed in different periods at the large spatial scale and the small spatial scale. The discovered collective mobility patterns can be used to guide urban planning, traffic forecasting, urban resource allocation, providing new insights into human mobility patterns and spatial interaction analyses.     

地震流体识别方法在四川盆地页岩气“甜点”预测中的应用*

中国页岩气资源丰富, 但勘探水平相对较低。在钻井、测井资料匮乏的条件下, 高精度地震流体检测方法的研究至关重要。从地震弹性波方程入手导出了流体活动因子表达式, 该因子与储集层密度、黏度和渗透性成正比。将流体活动因子分析与高精度时频分析结合, 形成用于页岩气“甜点”预测的实用方法, 即首先基于高精度时频分析, 分析流体的时频特性, 计算出流体活动因子, 进而与测井资料结合量化页岩气“甜点”区流体活动因子的范围, 从而预测页岩气“甜点”分布区。该方法在四川盆地的应用表明, 其预测结果与钻井、测试结果吻合, 取得了良好的勘探效果, 对页岩气勘探具有重要的指导作用。     

俄罗斯阿尔丹地块西部穆龙斯克杂岩体中的碱性交代岩

含紫硅碱钙石、镁钠钙闪石（钠透闪石－石棉）及蓝色软透闪石的碱性交代岩的形成首先是由硅酸和碱（Ｎａ２Ｏ和Ｋ２Ｏ的不同作用）的隋性及ＦｅＯ,ＭｇＯ,ＣａＯ和Ａｌ２Ｏ３的强烈活性决定的。含蓝色软透闪石和镁钠钙闪石（钠透闪石－石棉）的交代岩是岩浆期后溶解演化的中期产物,而含紫硅碱钙石的交代岩却是其晚期的产物。     

A simple and direct method to analyse the influences of sampling fractions on modelling intra-city human mobility

Sampling fraction is crucial to sampling-related studies and applications, especially in the big data era when most data are neither originally designed nor controllable in the data collection process. A common concern among researchers is ‘what’s the modelling accuracy when using a sample?’. Taking intra-city human mobility as the study objective, this study utilizes a simple and direct method to analyse the influences of various sampling fractions on modelling accuracy. Five common intra-city human mobility indicators (travel distance, travel time, travel frequency, radius of gyration and movement entropy) are evaluated considering mean value, median and probability distribution. Experimental results demonstrate that the representativeness of each considered indicator converges to 1 in its own unique rate and variances. The minimum required sampling fractions to satisfy specific accuracies differ for various indicators and evaluation measures. To further investigate how related factors influence the modelling accuracy of sampling fractions, additional experiments are conducted considering multiple sampling methods, study scopes, and data sources. Several interesting general findings are observed. This study provides a reference for other sampling-based applications.     

乡村优先发展背景下城乡要素流动与优化配置

随着乡村振兴战略的深入实施,中国乡村进入优先发展的关键阶段。科学认知乡村优先发展导向下的城乡要素配置规律与保障途径,对于落实农业农村优先发展具有重要参考意义。立足人地关系地域系统理论及“要素-结构-功能”的发展逻辑,解析乡村优先发展导向下城乡关系与要素优先保障的科学内涵,梳理中国城乡关系与要素流动的演变特征,进而从要素整合、空间融合和机制协同3个层面构建乡村要素优先保障的调控框架。结果表明：乡村优先发展是立足乡村要素、优化乡村结构、实现乡村功能的演变过程;中国城乡关系经历了城市优先发展、城乡协调发展到城乡融合发展阶段,乡村要素配置总体上呈现可流动要素类型少、要素流出难、要素流入难、要素留下更难的“一少三难”状态;在当前阶段,亟需通过扩大乡村可流动要素类型、增强要素流动权能、补齐基础设施短板,以及疏解乡村流入城市的要素存量、扩大要素流入乡村的渠道和扩展城乡“灰色空间”等多种途径,以实现“乡村富余要素流得出、城市要素流得进、稀缺要素留得下”的乡村要素优先配置目标,确保农业农村优先发展。     

Experimental study on the soil thrust of underwater tracked vehicles moving on the clay seafloor

As the soil traction of the track system consisting of a track plate and protruded grousers is generally higher than that of a comparable wheel system, underwater tracked vehicles are the favored platforms for heavy-weight remotely operated vehicles (ROVs). When an underwater tracked vehicle moves on the seafloor, the track system laterally transmits an engine torque to the soil-track interface, resulting in slip displacement and an associated soil thrust acting as a traction force. Therefore, to evaluate the mobility of underwater tracked vehicle, it is critical to evaluate the soil thrust of the track system based on the soil-track interaction. Unlike the soil thrust of sandy soils, a reliable soil thrust assessment method accounting for the failure mechanism of clayey soil has yet to be developed in spite of its significance. An experimental study on the mechanism of the soil thrust of clayey soil was thus performed. Model track experiments were conducted on a model track system with clayey soil. Based on the experiment results, the mechanism of the soil thrust of clayey soil was investigated and was compared with the mechanism of soil thrust derived from the previous soil thrust assessment methods using sandy soil. Particular attention was given to the development of a new soil thrust prediction model for the track system on clayey soil using the limit equilibrium analysis technique.     

NaCl Aerosol Particle Hygroscopicity Dependence on Mixing with Organic Compounds

Organic compounds in the atmosphere can influence the activation, growth and lifetimes of haze, fog and cloud droplets by changing the condensation and evaporation rates of liquid water by these aqueous aerosol particles. Depending on the nature and properties of the organic compounds, the change can be to enhance or reduce these rates. In this paper we used a tandem differential mobility analyzer (TDMA) to examine the effect of tetracosane, octanoic acid, and lauric acid on the hygroscopic properties of NaCl aerosol particles at relative humidities (RH) between 30 and 95%. These organic compounds have been identified in ambient aerosol particle samples. A slight lowering of the deliquescence relative humidity (DRH) and suppression of hygroscopic growth for the NaCl-organic compound mixtures were observed when compared to pure NaCl particles. The growth of pure NaCl particles was 2.25 in diameter at 85% RH while the growth of the mixed particles was 1.3 to 1.7 in particle diameter at 85% RH with organic mass fraction of 30–50%. This shows that these organic compounds have to be present in rather large mass fractions to effect the hygroscopic behavior to a similar degree observed for ambient aerosol during field measurements. Despite the mixing of the organic material with NaCl, hysteresis was observed for decreasing RH histories, suggesting the formation of metastable droplets. These laboratory results are strikingly similar to ambient field results. For example, if the total organic mass fraction of the particles is between 0.30 and 0.50, the particle growth at 85% RH is about a factor of 1.4 for the laboratory and field measurements. Such reduction in growth compared to the pure inorganic salt is in contradiction to speculations concerning significant effects by organic compounds on cloud condensation nuclei and thus formation on clouds.     

个体-家庭地方认同迭代的生命历程空间叙事

在现代性构建和人的城镇化社会进程推动下,地方认同在发生转换和迭代的变化。与静态视角下地方认同的断面研究不同,论文基于生命历程和家的流动性的动态研究视角,以具有70 a时间跨度的个体-家庭为研究主体,对其地方认同随时空迁移的变化和社会意义进行了生活史式的跟踪解读。研究发现：在城乡迁移过程中,随着时空的转移和生活经历的层累,个体-家庭的地方认同发生了转换、迭代的动态变化。① 这一动态变化与家的流动紧密联系在一起,流动中个体与家庭成员在不同生活区域的地方性产生了地方阻力与地方推力,二者综合作用的结果使得地方认同发生了迭代变化;② 社会环境与社会场景、家庭角色、文化适应与个体行为调整是人的城镇化过程中地方认同迭代的重要影响因素;③ 家庭类型变化和代际差异会影响到地方认同迭代发生的幅度。     

Experimental Study of Sand Bed Configurations in Front of a Vertical Wall Under Wave Action

—When a 2-D progressive wave train normally or obliquely approaches a vertical wall and thenis normally or obliquely reflected from it,the combination of the approaching and reflected waves may re-sult in a standing wave or a short-crested wave in front of the wall.This paper presents the experimentalobservations of sand bed configurations under the action of these water waves in front of the wall.The ge-ometry of sand ripples under these water waves in front of the vertical wall is presented as a function offlow parameters,such as the water particle semi-excursion and the mobility number.