Communication-based positioning systems:past,present and prospects

This paper reviews positioning systems in the context of communication systems.First,the basic positioning technique is described for location based service(LBS) in mobile communication systems.Then the high integrity global positioning system(iGPS) is introduced in terms of aspects of what it is and how the low Earth orbit(LEO) Iridium telecommunication satellites enhance the global positioning system(GPS).Emphasis is on the Chinese Area Positioning System(CAPS) which is mainly based on commercial geostationary(GEO) communication satellites,including decommissioned GEO and inclined geosynchronous communication satellites.Characterized by its low cost,high flexibility,wide-area coverage and ample frequency resources,a distinctive feature of CAPS is that its navigation messages are generated on the ground,then uploaded to and forwarded by the communication satellites.Fundamental principles and key technologies applied in the construction of CAPS are presented in detail from the CAPS validation phase to its experimental system setup.A prospective view of CAPS has concluded it to be a seamless,high accuracy,large capacity navigation and communication system which can be achieved by expanding it world wide and enhancing it with LEO satellites and mobile base stations.Hence,this system is a potential candidate for the next generation of radio navigation after GPS.     

Analysis of model-based PM2.5 emission factors for on-road mobile sources in Mexico

This study investigates the effects of using the US-EPA MOVES2010a model for estimating PM2.5 emission factors in the Mexican vehicle fleet; the results are compared with the current PM2.5 emissions estimates in the 2005 Mexican National Emissions Inventory (MNEI). Our results show that model-based PM2.5 emissions factors updated from recent studies can have significant impacts on the estimated PM2.5 emissions from mobile sources in Mexico. Higher fractions of older vehicles tend to increase PM2.5 emissions estimates using MOVES2010a with respect to the 2005 MNEI estimates; however, the overall impact on PM emissions varies depending on the vehicle population and vehicle age composition for each Mexican state fleet. These effects are primarily driven by the higher PM2.5 emission factors from the gasoline-powered vehicles and by the high fractions of older gasoline and diesel vehicles. The results also indicate that the estimated MOVES2010a PM2.5 emission factors for Mexico were particularly sensitive to vehicle speed, ambient temperature and sulfur content, but not the relative humidity. There is a strong need to better understand the characteristics of fine particulate matter (PM) emitted from gasoline and diesel-powered vehicles in major urban areas in Mexico.     

Lamprophyric intrusions of probable carbonatitic affinity from South Australia

Primary carbonate‐bearing lamprophyric rocks have been recognised in the Walloway Diapir, South Australia. Their petrography and trace‐element geochemistry indicates that they have carbonatitic affinities. The rocks are magnetic and can be detected by ground magnetometer surveys.     

Improvement of Earth orientation parameters estimate with Chang’E-1 ΔVLBI observations

Earth orientation parameters (EOP) are essential for the interconnection of different reference systems involved in Chang’E-1 (CE-1) lunar exploration, such as the Earth fixed reference system, celestial reference system and dynamical reference system. To improve the accuracy of predicted EOP values and to reduce their influence on the accuracy of CE-1 orbital parameters, a relativistic mathematical model of differential VLBI (ΔVLBI) time delay observations for the CE-1 transfer orbit is derived in this paper, which is generated by differencing CE-1 time delay observations with a simulated radio source's time delay observations. The CE-1 orbital parameters and EOP are simultaneously estimated with least squares adjustment using the measured time delay observations of the CE-1 transfer orbit. The results show that the accuracy of the CE-1 orbit and EOP estimates is improved by the CE-1 ΔVLBI observations with optimal orbital arc length and the win-win approach is able to improve the accuracy of both the CE-1 orbital parameters and EOP estimates. The estimated CE-1 orbital accuracy can achieve a few hundred meters and the estimated EOP accuracies are better than their predicted values.     

移动测量系统交通标志自动提取的设计与实现

面对移动测量系统海量的数据,人工获取交通标志类型效率低下,本文提出基于移动测量系统的交通标志自动提取解决方案。首先,分析了移动测量系统交通标志图像的特点,在此基础上提出了合适的交通标志自动检测和识别的方法;然后,设计了交通标志自动提取流程;最后,以上述理论为基础设计实现交通标志自动提取模块,包括自动提取模块的数据库设计和功能设计,系统实验表明该系统可以大大提高交通标志提取的效率,降低作业成本。     

基于Panorama Studio的街景网络快速发布关键技术研究

街景影像与电子地图、遥感影像结合提供给人们一种多尺度、多视角认识地球的新途径。本文探讨了移动测量车、手持相机全景影像的获取方法、基于Panorama Studio的全景影像拼接方法,以及网络环境下全景影像的发布,结合ArcGIS Server发布的地图,探讨了基于JavaScript的街景与地图交互等关键技术,形成一整套全景影像获取、拼接、发布技术流程。在此基础上实现了高速公路带状地形图街景网站的原型设计。     

A stream-based Parasitic Model for implementing Mobile Digital Earth

A Parasitic Model is proposed in this study for Digital Earth running on mobile phones through a mobile network. Because of mobile phones' limited capabilities in high-performance computing, rendering, storing, and networking (CRSN), these functions are accomplished by a superior host computer in this model. Rendered virtual scenes are compressed in a time-series as a data stream and are sent to the mobile phone through a mobile network, thus allowing Digital Earth to be operated on a mobile phone. This study examines a prototype and shows that a Mobile Digital Earth based on a Parasitic Model can achieve functionality beyond the mobile phone's actual hardware capabilities and can reduce network traffic. These results demonstrate quasi-real-time interactions, but with bandwidth increases in next-generation mobile networks such as 4G and 5G, there is potential for real-time interactions in the near future.     

High-Resolution Measurement and Analysis of Visitor Experiences in Time and Space: The Case of Aalborg Zoo in Denmark

The notion of consumer and user experience has become dominant in our society in recent years, especially in relation to leisure activities. In this study we used the experience sampling method (ESM) data collection technique in Aalborg Zoo, Denmark, to understand the distribution of subjective experiences within this site. Visitors to the zoo were asked to send phone messages (SMS) about their subjective feelings in real time and to carry with them Global Positioning System (GPS) devices that recorded their movement. This method allowed us to geotag experiences of visitors throughout the zoo compound. The results indicate that the quality of experience of visitors varies both in time and in space. We conclude that there is a need to further explore the effect of place on experiences using repeat, high-resolution measurements. In this regard we believe that geographers, who have a long tradition of studying human–environment relations, have the tools to lead this type of exploration.     

A Manifesto on Mobile Computing in Geographic Education*

Abstract

Mobile, location-aware computing technology is widely available. In this article we sketch out a manifesto on mobile computing in geographic education (MoGeo) for consideration and debate within the geographic community. At the core of our argument is the idea that emerging mobile computing technologies will allow teachers to bring the classroom and pedagogic materials into the field, and that the resulting in situ educational experience will enhance learning by contextualizing the complex and abstract concepts that we teach. We provide a set of key principles that can guide the development of field experiences for students using these new technologies.