冀鲁豫交界区岩石圈磁场异常分布与磁化率结构分析

利用重磁反演软件,对2017年8月冀鲁豫交界区流动地磁总强度数据进行处理并解析延拓,研究该区岩石圈磁场及其深部、浅表磁场异常分布特征与地下介质磁化率结构的性质。结果表明:冀鲁豫交界区岩石圈磁场异常分布是岩石圈浅表与深部磁异常综合叠加的结果,岩石圈地下介质的浅表与深部磁化率结构具有一定差异性,且受断裂控制呈分段性特征,可能与该区域复杂的岩石圈磁化率结构及地质构造有关。     

基于HTML5+CSS3+jQuery Mobile的台站智能管理系统开发与实现

随着黑龙江省地震局省内运维任务越来越重,出现了运维管理模式无法优化资源配置,运维流程比较随意,设备缺乏数字化管理,运维人员有限等问题。为了解决实际工作问题,结合地震设备运维管理系统软件在黑龙江省区域运维中的应用,采用HTML5+CSS3+jQuery Mobile软件技术开发了一套基于移动端的设备管理系统,使用户可以同时用移动端与PC端,通过Web浏览器操作服务器,实现了区域运维中心对地震监测设备的统一数字化管理,提高了管理效率。     

A worldwide correlation for exponential bed particle size variation in subaerial aqueous flows

The particle size of the bed sediments in or on many natural streams, alluvial fans, laboratory flumes, irrigation canals and mine waste deltas varies exponentially with distance along the stream. A plot of the available worldwide exponential bed particle size diminution coefficient data against stream length is presented which shows that all the data lie within a single narrow band extending over virtually the whole range of stream lengths and bed sediment particle sizes found on Earth. This correlation applies to both natural and artificial flows with both sand and gravel beds, irrespective of either the solids concentration or whether normal or reverse sorting occurs. This strongly suggests that there are common mechanisms underlying the exponential diminution of bed particles in subaerial aqueous flows of all kinds. Thus existing models of sorting and abrasion applicable to some such flows may be applicable to others. A comparison of exponential laboratory abrasion and field diminution coefficients suggests that abrasion is unlikely to be significant in gravel and sand bed streams shorter than about 10 km to 100 km, and about 500 km, respectively. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

激光雷达在森林参数反演中的应用

激光雷达是近年来国际上发展十分迅速的主动遥感技术,在森林参数的定量测量和反演上取得了成功的应用。在林业上,高采样密度激光雷达能够获取单株木3维结构特征,采用不同的数据处理方法,可以得到不同精度的单株木参数。利用激光雷达测量森林参数不仅节省了人力,还提高了工作效率,现在已经成为快速获取树木几何参数的一种有效方法。文中主要介绍了LiDAR工作原理、类型及特点、影响LiDAR数据质量的因素、国内外LiDAR的发展状况及应用领域,重点介绍了国内外利用LiDAR数据反演森林参数(树高、郁闭度、冠幅、林分密度、断面积和蓄积量等)的方法和研究进展,同时对今后LiDAR在森林参数反演方面的研究作了展望。     

黏土中自升式钻井船插桩对邻近桩基影响的分析方法

自升式钻井船是广泛用于浅、中水域油气资源开发的重要设施,经常紧邻固定式导管架平台进行作业。钻井船插桩就位过程中大量土体被排开,挤土效应会导致邻近导管架平台桩基承受很大的附加荷载,影响平台的正常设计性能,该效应在黏土中尤为显著。针对黏土中钻井船插桩对邻近桩基的影响这一实际问题,现有规范和分析方法存在明显不足。为此,建立了一套数值分析方法,把这一复杂问题分解成相对独立、简单的两个方面进行分析：一是采用任意拉格朗日-欧拉（ALE）数值方法,计算自由场地插桩周围土体产生的位移场;二是利用桩基水平力与位移关系曲线,即P-Y曲线,采用杆系-土弹簧的传统方法计算土体位移产生的桩体加载。通过与已有离心试验数据的比较,验证了该方法的可靠性和适用性。研究揭示了自由场地土体的变形模式和流动机制,阐明了由于插桩邻近桩基产生的附加荷载变化规律,特别是发现了黏土变形参数 对插桩引起的自由场地土体位移场有显著影响,但对插桩引起的桩基加载影响较小。最后,针对导管架对桩基的桩头约束条件和插桩及导管架自身对桩基的线性叠加加载适用性问题给出了详细说明。     

中国大陆西部重力场变化与强震危险性关系

本文基于中国大陆西部流动重力测量获得的区域重力场变化数据, 尝试对其进行多种位场变换, 在一定空间尺度约束下定义了6种区域重力场变化指标量. 在此基础上, 以中国大陆2002年、 2005年和2008年等3期数据为研究对象, 计算并统计了中国大陆西部M_S≥6.0地震震中位置处震前重力场变化及各种导出参数值, 尝试初步构建以地震预报为目的的地震重力学科指标体系参数. 研究结果表明, 震前区域重力场变化与地震发生位置没有显著的统计关系, 但是重力场变化的垂直梯度和解析信号模量具有一定的地震预报意义, 适合作为地震前兆异常使用.      

激光雷达(LiDAR):获取高精度古地震探槽信息的一种新技术

激光雷达技术是近几十年新发展起来的一种测量技术,已被广泛应用于工程测量、文物保护及地形测量等方面,近几年来活动构造的研究中也已逐步引入。作为活动构造研究的最基础的古地震研究一直还采用传统的地质素描技术进行探槽信息获取,数码照相技术的引入虽然解决了一些问题,但由于照相技术本身的限制,很难克服获取信息的变形和扭曲。激光雷达扫描系统的高信息量、高精度、便捷、安全和易操作等性能,为古地震研究开辟了获取数据信息的新手段和新技术。     

Granitic coastal geomorphology: applying integrated terrestrial and bathymetric LiDAR with multibeam sonar to examine coastal landscape evolution

Coasts composed of resistant lithologies such as granite are generally highly resistant to erosion. They tend to evolve over multiple sea level cycles with highstands acting to remove subaerially weathered material. This often results in a landscape dominated by plunging cliffs with shore platforms rarely occurring. The long‐term evolution of these landforms means that throughout the Quaternary these coasts have been variably exposed to different sea level elevations which means erosion may have been concentrated at different elevations from today. Investigations of the submarine landscape of granitic coasts have however been hindered by an inability to accurately image the nearshore morphology. Only with the advent of multibeam sonar and aerial laser surveying can topographic data now be seamlessly collected from above and below sea level. This study tests the utility of these techniques and finds that very accurate measurements can be made of the nearshore thereby allowing researchers to study the submarine profile with the same accuracy as the subaerial profile. From a combination of terrestrial and marine LiDAR data with multibeam sonar data, it is found that the morphology of granite domes is virtually unaffected by erosion at sea level. It appears that evolution of these landscapes on the coast is a very slow process with modern sea level acting only to remove subaerially weathered debris. The size and orientation of the joints determines the erosional potential of the granite. Where joints are densely spaced (<2 m apart) or the bedrock is highly weathered can semi‐horizontal surfaces form. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

LiDAR-based digital terrain analysis of an area exposed to the risk of lava flow invasion: the Zafferana Etnea territory, Mt. Etna (Italy)

The town of Zafferana Etnea, located on the southeastern slope of Mt. Etna volcano (Italy), has been repeatedly threatened by lava flows in recent centuries. The last serious threat occurred during the 1991–1993 eruption, when the lava front came to a halt only 1.7 km from the centre of town. Morphostructural data derived from light detection and ranging (LiDAR) surveys carried out on Etna in 2005 have enabled us to evaluate the risk of lava invasion in a section (16 km²) of the Zafferana Etnea territory. Qualitative and quantitative results are obtained combining the information derived from LiDAR analysis with geological, morphological and structural data using geographic information systems technology (GIS). The study quantifies in unprecedented detail the areal extent and volume of forested and urban areas and its degree of exposure to different levels of hazard from future lava invasion. Nearly 52% of the urban texture fall into areas of moderate to high risk from lava invasion. Future land use planning should take these findings into account and promote new development preferentially in areas of lower risk.