A Study on Sequence Stratigraphy of Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic in Southern North China Platform

INTRODUCTIONThestrataofMesoprotCrozoicandNeoproterozoicaredevelopedcompletelyinthesouthpartoftheNorthetnaplatformandconsistofthreesystems,inasCendingorder,Jixiaulan,QingbaikouanandSlman.BasedonadetailedinvestigationontheolltcropandthecomprehenSiveanalysis,wediscussthecharaCterofsequencestratigraphyandthecorrelationoftheMemo--Neoproterozoicinthearea.FnThRrsor~unCrsANDPARA~unCrsMeSO--NooprotffezoicRadonalfortigraphyThesouthernpartofNorthChinaplatformherereferstotheareasincluding…     

厚层黄土状土中扩底墩竖向承载性状

根据同一试验场地厚层非湿陷性黄土状土中8根大直径扩底墩、2根等直径桩的竖向承载力静载试验,对扩底墩的竖向承载性状进行了研究。结果表明,在其他条件相同时,随扩底墩直径D的增大,虽单位面积极限端阻力有不同程度的降低,但墩的极限承载力Qu增大;当D和墩身直径d不变时,总极限侧阻力所占墩顶极限荷载的百分比随长径比L/d的增大而增大;d不变时,随长径比L/D的增加,各墩的墩顶荷载呈起伏变化,总端阻所占百分比（比等直径桩大）相应降低,平均极限侧阻力（比等直径桩小）相应增大,而L/D = 3时,其承载性状较好;在扩底墩墩身直径d与等直径桩相同、入土长度相当的情况下,前者承载力比后者大,且沉降小。     

内蒙古阿拉善地区绿色戈壁玛瑙的宝石学特征与致色成因研究

内蒙古阿拉善地区经历数亿年的地质活动,产出颜色丰富且结构致密的戈壁玛瑙。通过常规宝石学测试、偏光显微镜及扫描电镜观察、X射线粉晶衍射、电子探针、红外光谱及紫外-可见光-近红外分光光度计等测试分析方法对绿色戈壁玛瑙的宝石矿物学特征及致色成因进行了深入研究。肉眼观察,阿拉善绿色玛瑙呈深绿色至褐绿色,微透明至不透明,相对密度、折射率、摩氏硬度等均符合石英质玉石的特点。偏光显微镜观察,绿鳞石富集于表层,并向内部呈放射状生长;方解石与石英均为隐晶质结构。扫描电镜观察,绿鳞石呈颗粒状分布于石英及方解石之间。X射线衍射分析结果表明,绿色戈壁玛瑙的物相组成主要为石英、方解石和绿鳞石。电子探针分析结果表明绿鳞石的主要化学组成为SiO₂、FeO、Al₂O₃、K₂O和MgO。红外光谱分析也显示存在绿鳞石对应基团的特征峰。表层绿鳞石在紫外-可见光-近红外分光光度计下显示出Fe²⁺与Fe³⁺的特征光谱,Fe²⁺与Fe³⁺之间的电荷转移是其...     

利用CINRAD WSR-98D探测夏季对流云特征

利用南昌CINRAD WSR-98D多普勒雷达,对2002-2003年夏季36个对流云天气过程连续观测基础上,选取有代表性观测个例及不同层次、不同时刻回波产品资料,分析夏季对流云结构特征。结果表明,对流云回波基本反射率面积值为11．18×109 m2;组合反射率面积值为19．85×109 m2;对流云回波顶高平均10．71 km,最大顶高15．11 km,回波顶高面积值为7．71×109m2。分析结果可为江西范围内的人工增雨作业提供科学依据。     

山东省牛庄洼陷古近系沙河街组沙三中亚段储集层成岩作用研究

山东省牛庄洼陷古近系沙河街组沙三中亚段储集层岩石类型以长石岩屑砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩为主,岩石结构成熟度和成分成熟度均较低。砂岩成岩作用包括压实作用、胶结作用、交代作用、溶解作用等。压实作用主要有刚性颗粒发生脆性破裂、颗粒之间呈线接触和凹凸接触、岩石碎屑颗粒呈明显的定向排列、塑性颗粒挤压变形或刚性颗粒嵌入变形颗粒中、粘土质碎屑被挤压变形发生假杂基化等五种表现形式。胶结物主要有泥质胶结物、碳酸盐胶结物、自生粘土矿物和自生石英、长石。交代作用主要有石英交代长石颗粒、碳酸盐胶结物交代石英、长石及岩屑颗粒、碳酸盐胶结物之间的相互交代。发生溶解作用的主要是石英、长石和岩屑颗粒,胶结物中主要是碳酸盐矿物。目前研究区沙三中亚段储集层成岩演化处于晚成岩A期。影响成岩作用的主要因素为岩石成分、沉积环境、孔隙流体性质等。成岩作用对储集物性的影响主要表现在孔隙度和渗透率的变化,其中压实作用和胶结作用使储层原生孔隙迅速减少、渗透率降低,使得储集物性变差;而溶解作用是次生孔隙发育的主要因素,从而改善砂岩的储集性能。     

基于粗规则对象空间信息表的最小规则集生成

提出了粗规则对象空间信息表的概念、相关概念和性质，并给出实现粗规则最小化算法。基于此，编写了相应的计算机程序，并对一个地理信息系统实例规则进行了研究。实例表明运行可靠、结果正确，可应用于智能决策信息系统的知识库优化。     

粤港澳大湾区1975—2018年海岸线时空演变与影响因素分析

提要:海岸带是陆地向海洋延伸的过渡地带,是人口最为密集、人类活动最频繁的区域,全球超过50％的人口和60％的GDP总量集聚在离海岸线不足100 km的区域.海岸线对海平面上升、海岸侵蚀、港湾淤积、湿地生态资源、近海海域环境等具有重要的指示作用.本研究利用遥感影像获取了粤港澳大湾区(以下简称大湾区)1975—2018年间...     

Tree-Ring δD as an Indicator of Asian Monsoon Intensity

Oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions of meteoric water are known to correlate with surface air temperature, except in tropical areas. This relationship has been described using a number of terms corresponding to specific observations, such as latitude, altitude and seasonal effects. However, these temperature effects do not seem to apply to precipitation in monsoonal areas of Asia. Questions have been raised as to whether the isotopic composition of meteoric water can be used to reconstruct paleomonsoon intensity. Tree rings of two modern spruce trees (Picea meyeri) and a 10,000-yr-old timber (Picea jezoensis) were analyzed for hydrogen isotopic composition. On average, the older tree is depleted in deuterium by 45‰ compared to the modern trees. We attribute this isotopic depletion to the strength of summer monsoons, which were more intense in the early Holocene than at present. Although this study is not definitive, it suggests that paleomonsoon intensity can be reconstructed by direct or proxy methods that yield the oxygen or hydrogen isotopic composition of meteoric water.     

Block removal and step backwearing as erosion processes on rock shore platforms: a preliminary case study of the chalk shore platforms of south‐east England

Shore platforms frequently exhibit steps or risers facing seaward, landwards or obliquely across‐shore. A combination of soft copy photogrammetry, ortho‐rectification, geo referencing and field measurement of step height are linked in a GIS environment to measure step retreat on chalk shore platforms at sample sites in the south of England over two periods, 1973–2001, 2001–2007. The methods used allow for the identification, delineation and measurement of historic change at high spatial resolution. The results suggest that while erosion of chalk shore platforms by step backwearing is highly variable, it appears to be of similar magnitude to surface downwearing of the same platforms measured by micro‐erosion meters (MEMs) and laser scanning, in a range equivalent to 0·0006 – 0·0050 m y^?1 of surface downwearing. This equates to annual chalk volume loss from the platforms, by the two erosion processes combined, of between 0·0012 m³ m^?2 and 0·0100 m³ m^?2. Results from the more recent years' data suggests that step retreat has variability in both space and time which does not relate solely to climatic variability. The results must be viewed with caution until much larger numbers of measurements have been made of both downwearing and step erosion at higher spatial and temporal resolution. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Geomorphological monitoring of a highly dynamic estuary using oblique aerial photographs

Abstract

Bad weather in many countries limits the use of optical satellite imageries in spatial and temporal monitoring of the environment. In this paper, a series of low-altitude oblique aerial photos taken on daily, weekly and monthly intervals were used to monitor the geomorphological changes in the upper part of the Mersey Estuary, northwestern England. This low-altitude aerial photo methodology reveals itself to be a satisfying compromise between cost, accuracy and difficulty of implementation. It offered a large amount of information on a spatial and temporal scale aiding in the understanding of channel mobility. This was an important consideration in the sitting and installation of new bridge pier foundations. This series of oblique aerial photos was used in a dynamic model to determine the migration of the ebb channel and was effective in identifying the main route of flow. Few uncertainties were encountered and the level of accuracy achieved in resolving these uncertainties in the images was in the range from 40 cm to a maximum of 1.7 m. This was compared with historical navigation charts and showed good correlation. Further applications are required to improve the quality of the data output from these images and the development of the technique.