膨润土加砂混合物膨胀特性研究

通过有荷膨胀试验,对膨润土加砂混合物的膨胀特性进行了研究,分析了膨胀应变与轴向应力、膨胀应变与吸水量以及轴向应力与吸水量之间的关系,并建立了能综合反映轴向应力和吸水量对膨胀应变影响的混合物膨胀本构关系式。试验研究表明,膨胀应变随着轴向应力的增大而减小,两者之间的关系可以采用对数线性关系来表达;吸水量的变化对膨胀应变有明显的影响,膨胀应变随吸水量的增加而线性的增大;而吸水量受到轴向应力的影响,随着轴向应力的增大,吸水量减少,在轴向应力一定时,吸水量会达到一个最终的饱和值。由于考虑了膨胀变形过程中吸水量的变化,所建立的膨胀本构关系式能较好地反映膨润土加砂混合物的膨胀特性。     

贻贝粉酶解液提取复合氨基酸

报道了以脱脂后的贻贝粉为原料，采用酶解法从其酶解液中分离提取复合氨基酸的工艺。其收率为２０％，纯度约为９０％。其中必需氨基酸（不计色氨酸）约占复合氨基酸总量的５５％，其氨基酸模式与ＦＡＯ／ＷＨＯ组织确定的模式及人乳模式进行了对照，通过适量添加个别氨基酸可使其配比接近人乳模式。     

巨厚松散层下煤层开采的抗渗透性破坏和煤柱安全性研究——以口孜东矿为例

采掘诱发裂隙导通顶板上覆含水砂层中产生的水力坡度是渗透型溃砂的关键判断依据之一,但是,到目前为止主要是采用定流量下的稳定流水力坡度表达式计算,而实际上,上覆含水层中水动力条件和涌水量在溃水溃砂过程中都是非稳定的。本文依据非稳定流理论,给出了二维潜水、承压水单井定降深模型下的水力坡度J的解析公式,并分析了J随时间和距离的演变特征。结果表明,对于潜水,J随与井的距离r的增加而下降,下降速度随r的增加而减小;存在拐点r′,当r<r′时,J随时间延长而下降,在r>r′时,J随时间延长而增加;随着地下水头H₀的增加,J是增加的;本文获得的潜水的非稳定流条件下的J大于潜水稳定流的J。对于承压水,J随r的增加而下降,下降速度随r的增加而减小;与潜水不同的是,在不同r处,J随时间延长而下降,不存在拐点;随着H₀的增加,J是增加的;本文获得的承压水的非稳定流条件下的J不总大于承压水稳定流的J。最后,在伊犁河谷某矿对本文方法进行了初步应用。     

混合料贮料仓离析现象试验研究

针对混合料生产过程中贮料仓卸料时可能出现的离析现象,通过室内小型模拟试验,观测集料从仓体流出的过程,分析流出材料颗粒组成均匀性的变化特点。结果表明,混合料贮料仓卸料时的离析现象主要是由于细料向下渗透而产生的,集料下落时,细料在自重力作用下通过空隙结构向下渗透,集料发生离析;集料粒径比、分布宽度、平均粒径等因素的变化使料仓中形成不同的集料的空隙结构,使得细料的渗透作用的发生程度不同,从而引起集料离析程度的差异。     

Nutrient maximums related to low oxygen concentrations in the southern Canada Basin

The phenomenon of nutrient maximums at 70～200 m occurred only in the region of the Canada Basin among the world oceans. The prevailing hypothesis was that the direct injection of the low-temperature high-nutrient brines from the Chukchi Sea shelf (＜50 m) in winter provided the nutrient maximums. However, we found that there are five problems in the direct injection process. Formerly Jin et al. considered that the formation of nutrient maximums can be a process of locally long-term regeneration. Here we propose a regeneration-mixture process. Data of temperature, salinity, oxygen and nutrients were collected at three stations in the southern Canada Basin during the summer 1999 cruise. We identified the cores of the surface, near-surface, potential temperature maximum waters and Arctic Bottom Water by the diagrams and vertical profiles of salinity, potential temperature, oxygen and nutrients. The historical 129Ⅰ data indicated that the surface and near-surface waters were Pacific-origin, but the waters below the potential temperature maximum core depth was Atlantic-origin. Along with the correlation of nutrient maximums and very low oxygen contents in the near-surface water, we hypothesize that, the putative organic matter was decomposed to inorganic nutrients; and the Pacific water was mixed with the Atlantic water in the transition zone. The idea of the regeneration-mixture process agrees with the historical observations of no apparent seasonal changes, the smooth nutrient profiles, the lowest saturation of CaCO3 above 400 m, low rate of CFC-11 ventilation and 3H-3He ages of 8～18 a around the nutrient maximum depths.     

泥浆体流变试验的比测

这次泥浆体流变试验的比测使用了五种不同规格的旋转式粘度计,并把其测试结果与毛管式粘度计的测试结果作了对比。对比结果表明:若用旋转式粘度计测试具有非牛顿体特性的泥浆体,应尽可能采用具有转筒半径比(α=外筒半径R_c/内筒半径R_b)较小的测试室;若是用具有α>1.05的测试室测试,所得的数据则应作特殊处理。毛管式、旋转式两种粘度计的测试结果基本一致,并具相仿的精度。测试结果的离散程度超过仪器的测试误差。这有待进一步研究、查明原因。     

西藏尼玛盆地油页岩的发现及其地质意义

<正>青藏高原在长期复杂的演化过程中发育了一系列时代与类型不同的含油气盆地,但由于古生代以来冈瓦纳大陆裂解和特提斯洋的开启-闭合-造山作用的影响,特别是新生代以来印度-欧亚板块强烈碰撞造山和高原隆升作用的影响,含油气盆地受到了不同程度的改造,加之恶劣的自然环境,青藏高原成为中国目前油气地质研究和勘探程度最低的地区。     

基于偏振植被指数的植被-土壤混合像元室内实验研究

混合像元是遥感影像中普遍存在的一种现象,对其组成和各成分比例的反演一直是遥感研究中的重难点,而国内利用偏振植被指数对混合像元的研究几乎没有涉及。本次研究通过对不同面积比例的植被-土壤混合像元偏振反射高光谱特征进行分析,讨论不同条件下的植被-土壤混合像元偏振高光谱特性,并利用偏振反射比计算了12种0°偏振态下的偏振植被指数,分别构建了植被指数与植被面积比例以及光谱特征参数与植被面积比例的数学模型。结果表明,混合像元中植被面积比例和偏振角均对其偏振高光谱有一定的影响;865 nm的偏振反射比与植被占像元面积比例的相关性最好,采用多项式进行拟合时,其决定系数达到0.99,适合进行植被占像元面积比例的反演;偏振光谱“红边”处的一阶微分值与植被像元比例存在良好的线性相关,R²=0.974;植被面积比例与植被指数和光谱特征参数呈现良好的相关关系,其中P-DVI和光谱吸收指数（SAI）与植被面积比例的拟合效果最好,决定系数分别为0.99以及0.94,适合进行植被-土壤混合像元中植被面积比例的反演。     

Improvement of Urban Impervious Surface Estimation in Shanghai Using Landsat7 ETM＋ Data

This paper explores the potential to improve the impervious surface estimation accuracy using a multi-stage approach on the basis of vegetation-impervious surface-soil (V-I-S) model. In the first stage of Spectral Mixture Analysis (SMA) process, pixel purity index, a quantitative index for defining endmember quality, and a 3-dimensional endmember selection method were applied to refining endmembers. In the second stage, instead of obtaining impervious surface fraction by adding high and low albedo fractions directly, a linear regression model was built between impervious surface and high/low albedo using a random sampling method. The urban impervious surface distribution in the urban central area of Shanghai was predicted by the linear regression model. Estimation accuracy of spectral mixture analysis and impervious surface fraction were assessed using root mean square (RMS) and color aerial photography respectively. In comparison with three different research methods, this improved estimation method has a higher overall accuracy than traditional Linear Spectral Mixture Analysis (LSMA) method and the normalized SMA model both in root mean square error (RMSE) and standard error (SE). However, the model has a tendency to overestimate the impervious surface distribution. Foundation item: Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40701177)