The initiation of the southern central Great Barrier Reef: New multiproxy data from Pleistocene distal sediments from the Marion Plateau (NE Australia)

Significant synchronous shifts in the chemistry, mineralogy, grain sizes and color of the sediments at 6 m below sea floor (mbsf) at ODP Site 1195 on the Marion Plateau (NE Australia) are interpreted to reflect a major regional paleoceanographic change: the initiation of the southern province of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). The onset of this massive carbonate production centre nearby resulted primarily in increased deposition of carbonate-rich sediments of neritic origin. Both sedimentation rate and terrigenous input record a coincident decline attributed to inshore trapping of materials behind the reefs. Our best estimate places the development of reef framework in the southern part of the GBR between 560 and 670 kyr B.P., based on an age model combining magnetostratigraphic and biostratigraphic data. The proposed estimation agrees with previous studies reporting an age between 500 and 930 kyr B.P., constraining more tightly their results. However, it does not support research placing the birth of the GBR in Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 11 ( 400 kyr), nor the theory of a worldwide modern barrier reef development at that time.     

电磁场作用下油水混合流流动特性研究

电磁分离是处理海洋船舶油污水的一种新方法。为了明晰海洋船舶油污水电磁分离过程,获得油水分离特性,本文采用二维数值模拟和欧拉多相流模型,研究了电磁场作用下油水混合流的流场分布及油相体积分数的变化规律和影响因素。研究结果表明：1）分离通道有效段内,向下的电磁力（洛伦兹力）使海水向下流动,电磁分离力使油珠向上运动;2）分离通道出口上部油相的体积分数随电流密度、磁场强度以及油珠直径的增大而增大,随油污海水入口流速的增大而减小。研究结果为油水混合流电磁分离装置的设计提供了有益的指导。     

热带东太平洋淡水池的季节变化 *

文章利用观测和模式数据, 并基于混合层盐度收支方法, 研究了热带东太平洋淡水池的季节变化。研究发现: 热带东太平洋淡水池具有显著的季节变化, 由海表强迫(蒸发与降水)、水平平流和次表层过程共同控制。淡水池的季节变化主要分为扩张与收缩两个阶段。4月至11月为扩张阶段, 淡水池向西扩张, 最大体积和面积比最小时扩大将近一倍, 分别达到2.83×10 ⁵km ³和8.94×10 ⁶km ²。热带辐合带向北移动带来的强降水是淡水池扩张的主要原因, 海表强迫决定了混合层盐度降低。12月至3月为淡水池收缩阶段, 海表淡水通量的减弱、水平平流和次表层过程的增强导致混合层盐度升高, 淡水池向东收缩。     

Comparative Analysis of Fractional Vegetation Cover Estimation Based on Multi-sensor Data in a Semi-arid Sandy Area

The estimation of fractional vegetation cover(FVC) is important for identifying and monitoring desertification, especially in arid and semiarid regions. By using regression and pixel dichotomy models, we present the comparison of Sentinel-2A(S2) multispectral instrument(MSI) and Landsat 8(L8) operational land imager(OLI) data regarding the retrieval of FVC in a semi-arid sandy area(Mu Us Sandland, China, in August 2016). A combination of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) high-spatial-resolution images and field plots were used to produce verified data. Based on a normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) regression model, the results showed that, compared with that of L8, the coefficient of determination(R2) of S2 increased by 26.0%, and the root mean square error(RMSE) and the sum of absolute error(SAE) decreased by 3.0% and 11.4%, respectively. For the ratio vegetation index(RVI) regression model, compared with that of L8, the R2 of S2 increased by 26.0%, and the RMSE and SAE decreased by 8.0% and 20.0%, respectively. When the pixel dichotomy model was used, compared with that of L8, the RMSE of S2 decreased by 21.3%, and the SAE decreased by 26.9%. Overall, S2 performed better than L8 in terms of FVC inversion. Additionally, in this paper, we develop a verified scheme based on UAV data in combination with the object-based classification method. This scheme is feasible and sufficiently robust for building relationships between field data and inversion results from satellite data. Further, the synergy of multi-source sensors(especially UAVs and satellites) is a potential effective way to estimate and evaluate regional ecological environmental parameters(FVC).     

基于多分类器组合面向对象遥感影像信息提取方法

提出最近距离法和基于知识规则的模糊分类法相结合的混合分类法,针对IKONOS遥感影像,分别用最近距离法、基于知识规则的模糊分类法以及混合分类法对影像进行信息提取。结果表明：混合分类法的信息提取精度最高,总体精度提高到95.60%,Kappa系数提高到0.944,其为面向对象的高分辨率影像信息提供理想方法。     

干涉合成孔径雷达三维地表形变监测

干涉合成孔径雷达（InSAR）技术是利用两幅或多幅SAR复数影像的相位差信息提取地表地形信息和形变信息的,其对卫星视线向形变比较敏感,精度可达厘米甚至毫米级,而对沿轨道方向的形变不敏感。本文总结了几种获取地表位移三维分量的方法,并对每种方法进行了分析。     

基于网格和密度的图像增强算法

提出了一种基于网格和密度的图像增强算法(IIA),这种算法是对图像中的像素点进行基于网格和密度的聚类,自动寻找到图像中需要增强的区域,然后进行增强处理.在此处理过程中可以有效忽略对图像中孤立点的增强,从而抑制噪声.由于算法中对单元网格的处理相互独立、无关联性,从而表现出较好的并行特性.     

混合原油的地球化学特征及成藏贡献率

含油气盆地中存在混合原油的现象非常普遍,按照形成条件可区分出4种不同的混合类型.地球化学研究表明不同有机相原油混合后体现各自母源的生物标志化合物组合特征;生物降解原油与正常原油混合后具有完整的饱和烃谱峰,同时还反映生物降解特点;不同成熟度的原油混合后既可检出热稳定性低的化合物,部分成熟度参数还可指示成熟特征;高成熟天然气与原油混合后,往往会使不同组分段的成熟度产生明显变化.特殊化合物绝对浓度定量法、生物标志化合物参数法、碳同位素法和拟合图版法是常见的定量成藏贡献率方法.针对混合原油地球化学识别和贡献率定量中的局限性,提出了利用指纹技术进行优化的思路.     

A contact problem for a poroelastic halfspace containing an embedded inextensible membrane

The paper examines the axisymmetric problem of the indentation of a poroelastic halfspace that is reinforced with an inextensible permeable/impermeable membrane located at a finite depth by a rigid indenter. The constitutive behavior of the poroelastic halfspace is described by the three-dimensional theory of poroelasticity proposed by M.A. Biot. The contact conditions between the indenter and the poroelastic halfspace are varied to accommodate both adhesive/frictionless contact and impermeable/permeable conditions. The formulation of the mixed boundary value problems uses the stress function approaches applicable to semi-infinite domains. Successive applications of Laplace and Hankel integral transforms are used to reduce the mixed boundary value problems to sets of coupled Fredholm integral equations of the second kind. These integral equations are solved using numerical approaches, applicable both for the solution of the systems of coupled equations and for Laplace transform inversion, to examine the time-dependent displacement of the rigid indenter. The analytical-numerical estimates for the time-dependent displacements of the rigid indenter are compared with results obtained using a finite element approach.