硫化汞锑矿汞锑分离降铬工艺试验研究

采用１号降铬剂酷少量重铬酸钾进行汞锑分离,替代纯重铬钾汞分离工艺,在相同技术指标前提出下,大大降低了重铬酸钾药剂用量和选矿成本,使选矿废水排放中Ｃｒ（ＶＩ）的含量达到了环保要求。     

相似材料试验研究

结合反倾岩层边坡失稳破坏机理的相似模型研究,对灰岩的相似材料进行了试验,研究了相似材料中骨料与胶结物的配比、胶结物中胶结材料的配比及不同的养护方式对试块强度的影响规律。实验结果表明,用石英砂、石膏和水泥来模拟岩体介质是可行的。无论采用何种养护方式,石膏样的强度与砂胶比呈双曲线关系,而混合样的强度变化规律则呈抛物线变化。石膏样或混合样烘干后的强度均比烘干后放置一段时间的强度高。对于石膏样,其风干的强度随着时间的增加而逐渐增大,而对于混合样,其风干的强度随着时间呈现无规律的变化。这些研究成果为岩石力学相似模型试验提供了依据。     

多传感器不同分辨率遥感数字图像的尺度转换

针对日益增多的多传感器不同分辨率的遥感数字图像数据,提出其综合利用和尺度转换的有效方法。其中,作为尺度上推 (scaling-up) 技术,本研究选择IHS和小波分解变换两种数据融合方法,应用Landsat ETM+数据和IRS-1C数据进行了实例研究。发现: IHS方法操作简单,对两种待融合的图像的像元大小和像元数 (bit数) 的依赖不是很高,而对原始图像光谱信息的依赖很高,因此适用于不同传感器之间的数据融合上,其缺点就是不能够更多的保留原始多光谱数据的光谱信息。小波分解变换 (WD) 方法可以很好地保留多光谱传感器的所有光谱信息,但是在重采样中对两种待融合的图像的像元配准的要求很高,因此比较适合于对同一传感器的多光谱数据与全色光谱数据的融合上。作为尺度下退 (scaling-down) 技术,通过探讨将札幌野外实验站点数据镶嵌到高时间分辨率遥感图像的问题,提出像元级尺度扩展的具体操作方法和对NDVI图像进行扩展时出现混合像元的识别方法。应用AVHRR, MODIS, ETM+和ASTER的NDVI图像数据进行了像元尺度的扩展研究。得出: 对不同传感器的不同分辨率的数据之间进行像元级的尺度扩展后,能够较好地识别出不同地物的分布边界,较好的分辨混合像元,因此其结果可用于对不同地物分布特征的分类研究或土地覆盖变化中的时间序列变化的研究中。     

浮游绿藻对沉水植物苦草生长的抑制作用

水体中氧化还原电位的变化会对藻类生长和竞争产生直接或间接的影响.本文采用单种培养和混合培养的方式,研究了在铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)与斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)竞争生长过程中氧化还原电位降低对铜绿微囊藻优势形成的影响,同时测定了铜绿微囊藻生理和形态的变化.结果表明:在单种培养条件下,铜绿微囊藻的生长速率明显高于栅藻,降低氧化还原电位对两种藻的生长速率没有影响;在混合培养条件下,两种藻的生长均受到了抑制,但降低氧化还原电位却明显提高了铜绿微囊藻的生长速率,而降低了斜生栅藻的生长速率,说明铜绿微囊藻的竞争能力得到了加强,斜生栅藻的竞争能力有所削弱;同时试验也发现在竞争生长的条件下,培养基氧化还原电位的降低诱导了铜绿微囊藻细胞体积变大,酯酶活性增强以及叶绿素荧光强度增加,这些生理参数的改变可能是铜绿微囊藻在环境中氧化还原电位降低时竞争能力得以增强的重要原因.     

Response of the upper ocean to tropical cyclone in the Northwest Pacific observed by gliders during fall 2018

The evolution of thermohaline structure at the upper ocean during three tropical cyclones(TCs) in the Northwest Pacific was studied in this study based on successive observation by two new-style underwater gliders during fall 2018. These remote-controllable gliders with CTD sensor enabled us to explore high frequency responses of temperature, salinity, mixed and barrier layers in the upper ocean to severe TCs in this area. Results showed that three significant cooling-to-warming and stratification destructing-to-reconstructing processes at the mixed layer occurred during the lives of three TCs. The maximal cooling of SST all reached ≥0.5℃ although TCs with different intensities had different minimal distances to the observed area. Under potential impacts of solar radiation, tide and inertial motions, the mixed layer depth possessed significant high-frequency fluctuations during TC periods.In addition, barrier layers appeared and vanished quickly during TCs, accompanied with varied temperature inversion processes.     

Estimating genetic parameters with molecular relatedness and pedigree reconstruction for growth traits in early mixed breeding of juvenile turbot

An introduced turbot population was used to establish families and to estimate genetic parameters of the offspring. However, there is a lack of pedigree information, and common environmental effects can be introduced when each full-sib family is raised in a single tank. Therefore, in the genetic evaluation, SSRs(simple sequence repeats) were used to reconstruct the pedigree and to calculate molecular relatedness between individuals, and the early mixed-family culture model was used to remove the impact of the common environmental effects. After100 d of early mixed culture, twenty SSRs were used to cluster 20 families and to calculate paired molecular relationships(n=880). Additive genetic matrices were constructed using molecular relatedness(MR) and pedigree reconstruction(PR) and were then applied to the same animal model to estimate genetic parameters. Based on PR, the heritabilities for body weight and body length were 0.214±0.124 and 0.117±0.141, and based on MR they were 0.101±0.031 and 0.102±0.034, respectively. Cross validation showed that the accuracies of the estimated breeding values based on MR(body weight and body length of 0.717±0.045 and 0.629±0.141, respectively) were higher than those of PR(body weight and body length of 0.692±0.052 and 0.615±0.060, respectively). The MR method ensure availability of all genotyped selection candidates, thereby improving the accuracy of the breeding value estimation.     

A middle Miocene post‐rift stress regime revealed by dikes and mesoscale faults in the Kakunodate area,NE Japan

Significant advances were made in the last century in the investigations of the Neogene stress history of the NE Japan arc. However, previous studies have failed to fully resolve middle Miocene post‐rift stress conditions owing to their assumption of Andersonian faulting and an inability to determine maximum and intermediate stress axes from dike orientations. We applied the latest methods of paleostress analysis in this study to igneous dikes and mesoscale faults in the Kakunodate area of the NE Japan arc to elucidate post‐rift stress conditions. Stratigraphic constraints and U–Pb dating indicate that the doleritic and dacitic dikes were formed at 16–12 Ma and 15–12 Ma, respectively. Dolerite and dacite dikes yielded NW–SE extensional stresses with intermediate and low stress ratios, respectively. Mesoscale faults in the middle Miocene formations of the studied area indicated similar stresses. We suggest the sluggish deformations resulting in the dike intrusion and faulting in the normal‐faulting stress regime after the termination of intra‐arc rifting at ca. 15 Ma.     

冲绳海槽中段表层沉积物中稀土元素组成及其物源指示意义

冲绳海槽中段表层沉积物主要是由陆源、火山源和生物源物质按不同比例组成的混合物。研究表明,陆源物质(长江和黄河沉积物)稀土总量最高,轻稀土明显比重稀土富集;火山物质(冲绳海槽火山玻璃)具有较明显的正Eu异常且重稀土相对富集;生物源物质(冲绳海槽有孔虫壳)中稀土富集。3种端员物质的稀土元素组成特征存在显著差异,因此,选择合适的稀土元素特征参数——∑LREE／∑HREE、Eu／Sm及MREE／(LREE HREE)可以分别刻画出冲绳海槽沉积物中陆源、火山源及生物源物质的组成特征。通过与前人对研究区物源定性、定量分区的结果对比,验证了利用稀土元素特征参数刻画冲绳海槽混合沉积物物质来源组成的有效性。     

近海视频测量与应用

近海视频测量技术是一种基于视频传感器实时采集近海图像,再运用图像处理和信息分析,获取近海环境过程和特征参数的观测技术。文中回顾近海视频测量与应用的发展概况,介绍了测量系统的构成,讨论了测量波浪、海流和近岸过程等参数与算法的应用,建议在我国开展研究应用,促进我国海洋观测技术的发展和进步。     

中分辨率成像光谱仪的海冰密集度遥感反演

海冰信息在船舶运输、天气预报和全球气候预测等领域都起着重要作用.一直以来微波遥感是卫星监测海冰密集度的主要手段,目前基于可见光遥感的中分辨率海冰密集度产品还较少,其中只有NOAA发布了相关业务化产品,但其所采用的算法对低密集度海冰反演准确性仍存在提升空间.本文在Liu提出的算法基础上进行改进,提出了最邻近像素法确定纯冰...