考虑植被覆盖因子的地形辐射校正模型

针对传统的地形辐射校正模型无法适用复杂地表覆盖类型而导致的校正精度较低的问题,该文提出了一种考虑像元植被覆盖因子的模型。山区遥感影像像元大部分为植被与岩石、裸土的混合像元,针对混合像元中岩石、裸土部分应用太阳-地表-传感器模型,而对于植被覆盖区则采用考虑植被垂直生长特性的太阳-树冠-传感器模型,两模型用像元植被覆盖因子拟合为新的太阳-植被覆盖因子-传感器模型。利用覆盖江西实验区的Landsat-8陆地成像仪影像和数字高程模型数据进行了校正比对分析,结果表明该方法可有效地消除地形起伏对辐射亮度的影响。     

像元分解模型的植被覆盖度遥感估算

为了提高植被覆盖度遥感估算方法的精度,该文针对置信度方法和空间克里金插值方法各自存在的问题,基于线性像元二分模型,分别采用置信度方法和空间克里金插值方法计算推导,确定像元二分模型中两个重要参数NDVIveg和NDVIsoil,实现估算植被覆盖度,并对两种方法进行对比分析,同时提出方法中存在的问题以及模型的优化改进方向。     

基于GDAL的谷歌影像瓦片数据拼接技术研究

在缺少相关地域影像的情况下,利用谷歌海量的影像瓦片获取目标影像数据是一种有效途径。本文利用开源的GDAL库,实现了影像瓦片数据的拼接,较好地解决了影像瓦片数据拼接的问题。经过拼接后的影像和标准影像对比,拼接的影像空间参考信息准确,具有一定实用价值。为进一步研究瓦片数据的拼接使用提供了方向。     

基于像素驱动的特征点捕获的研究

为了实现不可见激光捕获目标物的问题,本文提出了一种基于视频图像像素驱动的激光瞄准技术。在实现将摄像机、激光测距仪和云台有机融合的基础上,将摄像机输出的像素信息转化成了云台的角度信息,并对影响转化精度的因素进行了分析,解决了摄像机镜头畸变和摄像机安装误差对像素和云台角度转换的影响。通过对各影响因素的分析,建立了特征点的运动轨迹方程。通过Matlab软件对特征点的运动轨迹分析发现,该轨迹曲线与实际运动轨迹拟合度高达99%。通过对运动轨迹方程的逆向求解,得到云台运动参数,实验结果表明,对特征点的捕获精度达到了像素级别。     

应用PCA和ICA法对岩心光谱的定量解译

岩心光谱属于混合像元光谱,维度多、数据量大,在端元数量、端元光谱及混合矩阵未知的情况下,定量解译岩心光谱以提取岩心所含矿物信息难度大,噪声的存在使问题更加复杂。文章应用PCA和ICA法定量解译岩心光谱主要有三步:采用PCA法预处理混合像元光谱矩阵,在新的特征空间中保留特征值较大的少量特征矢量,有效滤除能量较小的成分,只保留主要成分信息,同时滤除数据中的噪声;采用ICA法分离岩心混合像元,得到混合像元中的端元光谱集,通过矿物识别获取岩心矿物成分;对端元光谱进行归一化处理,基于线性光谱混合模型进行丰度反演,得到岩心混合像元中各端元丰度。通过研究仿真数据获得光谱定量解译的一般规律,创建有效的算法模型,再处理实际测量的岩心光谱,获得了比较理想的结果。     

南通地区粉砂地基水泥土搅拌桩围护工程的成功经验

本文介绍了南通市金信大厦开挖深度为6.75m的深基坑,在粉砂地基上采用水泥土搅拌桩—井点降水复合型的围护结构,既保证了周围建筑物和道路管网的安全,又节约了工程费用,为在南通市及其它类似地质条件的深基工程提供了典型工程实例。     

含方霜晶石的羟硅铝石-地开石粘土脉——一种新型的低温热液蚀变岩脉

铁锂云母钠长花岗岩中发现了新型的低温热液蚀变产物——含方霜晶石的羟硅铝石-地开石粘土脉。描述了粘土脉的地质背景、岩石学特征,以及方霜晶石、羟硅铝石的矿物学特征。讨论了这一发现的岩石学和矿物学的意义。     

Seasonal variation of the salinity in the Zuari estuary,Goa, India

The annual salt budget of the Zuari is examined. The characteristics of the estuary differ markedly from the low run off season during November–May to the heavy run off period of the southwest monsoon from June to October. During November–May the estuary is vertically mixed and the two processes controlling the transport of salt are run off induced advective transport out of the estuary, and tidally induced diffusive transport into the estuary. The magnitude of the latter is about 20% larger, leading to a salinity rise in the estuary. The diffusion coefficient has been estimated to be 233 ± 101 m²/sec. With the onset of the southwest monsoon, the run off increases dramatically, and the estuary loses about 75% of its salt during the first two months of the season. About 2/3 of this loss is recovered in the next two months when the run off decreases. Because the estuary is partially stratified during June–October, gravitational circulation is expected to play a role in addition to tidal diffusion and run off. The magnitude of its contribution has, however, not yet been determined.     

Brittle crack growth in rocks

Fracture phenomena in rocks are associated with mainly mode I crack growth, sometimes superposed by shear or torsion. The present paper contributes to a fracture mechanics analysis of mode I and mixed mode crack propagation, by presenting reliable fracture toughness data for some rocks which include the effect of induced crack propagation rate, and the influence of effective pressure, and by numerical calculations on fracture propagation in layered rock formations. Empirical relations between fracture toughness,K _Ic' and induced crack opening displacement rate, as well as effective pressure, are given. The observedK _Ic pressure relation supports a theoretical model which takes into account the existence of microcracks in the crack tip region. Finite element calculations of fracture propagation in layered rock formations demonstrate the important effect of mixed mode crack growth. The numerical approach is particularly applied to single crack growth in hydraulic fracturing and in three point bending tests on layered single edge crack specimens.     

沉积火山角砾岩中的绿泥间蛭石及其形成条件

在松辽盆地白垩系含油地层中,首次发现了火山角砾岩沉积体,其粘土胶结物由单一的绿泥间蛭石组成。本文报道了对该矿物的X射线衍射、红外光谱、扫描电镜、化学组成及阳离子交换量的分析结果。分析了它的形成机制和具体条件,认为它是在成岩过程中,在富Mg和富Fe的条件下,由蒙脱石转化而来。