A TAXONOMICAL AND ECOLOGICAL SURVEY OF ROTIFER COMMUNITIES IU KROTTENSEE (AUSTRIA)

The composition and distribution of benthic, periphytic and planktonic rotifers in different habitatsin Krottensee were investigated. Sixty-five rotifer taxa were identified, their relative abundance estimated. Classification of the data set by cluster analysis allowed the recognition of distinct habitat groupe con-fined to acid bog ponds, macrophytes, sediments, and open water. Five groups of rotifer taxa were identifiedon the basis of their habitat preferences and the occurrence of the taxa. Highest diversities were found onmacrophytes and in acid bog ponds.     

基于GIS/GPS/GSM的昆明市120急救系统的设计与研究

在分析昆明市120急救系统的基础上,设计了基于GIS/GPS/GSM三者相结合的120急救系统,并对系统的主要功能模块和关键技术作了详细的描述。将GIS空间分析、电子地图匹配和GPS导航、GSM传输信息相结合,提高120援救的智能化和可靠性。     

多源遥感影像融合最佳波段选择及质量评价研究

本文选用了有蓝色波段和无蓝色波段两种遥感数据源,使用定量指标对各波段进行基本统计及分析,并计算各波段之间的联合熵、协方差、相关系数及最佳指数,确定四类遥感数据各自的最佳波段组合;并采用了几种融合方法将四种影像按照最佳波段组合融合,计算融合后影像与原始影像之间的相关系数,分析得到两类数据的最佳融合方法。     

可见光波段灰度熵和热红外亮温差的沙尘遥感判识

沙尘作为对流层气溶胶的主要成分,对气候系统有许多影响;同时,作为环境污染物,对人类健康危害也很大。沙尘天气一般在春季爆发,对中国北方大部分区域的生产和生活有较大影响。以往针对沙尘遥感监测人们开展了许多研究,取得了一定的效果。但对于一些云和沙尘混合的复杂状况,传统方法识别效果较差,几乎不能有效识别出沙尘。采用葵花8号(Himawari-8)卫星数据,提出一种针对性的识别方法。引入了0.46μm和0.51μm反射率差值RDI,统计发现该指数在一定范围内可以表现出沙尘连续性特征,并有效地将中高云和大部分地表与沙尘区分开来。碎积云的RDI值分布与沙尘的较为相似,为此进一步引入了灰度熵方法来滤除。例举了3次沙尘过程的判识结果,并结合地面观测数据进行了验证。其中对2017年5月4日沙尘的地面验证表明,位于云沙混合区的27个站中有22个站的地面观测与判识相一致。对于一些复杂条件下的沙尘,该方法是对分裂窗亮温差的有效补充。     

熵权法在水资源与水环境评价中的研究进展

随着人口增长和经济社会的发展,水资源的供需矛盾日益增多,对水资源进行合理开发、高效利用、优化配置、全面节约、有效保护、综合治理是至关重要的新任务。熵权法是研究水资源可持续利用的重要方法,可以剔除指标体系中对评价结果贡献较小的指标,减少人为因素对于主观权重的影响,其计算结果真实准确,能够客观地反映水资源与水环境的现状,因此被广泛应用于水资源与水环境评价中,从而为水资源的高效利用及水环境的综合评价提供科学依据。本文对熵权法的由来及在水资源与水环境评价中的发展进程进行了探讨,重点对熵权法在水资源量、水资源承载力、水环境质量和水生态环境评价四个方面的应用进行了讨论和总结,并发现熵权法在水资源与水环境评价中有着良好的应用前景;同时,针对当前熵权法在水资源与水环境评价中存在的不足,提出了改进建议,为水资源与水环境评价的研究方向提供了新思路。除此之外,对熵权法的未来进行了展望：熵权法可与其他方法创新结合共同使用,构建合理全面的评价指标体系,在水资源利用发展趋势、时空格局演变等领域推广应用。     

Origin and variability of resource-grade marine ferromanganese nodules and crusts in the Pacific Ocean: A review of biogeochemical and physical controls

Marine ferromanganese nodules and crusts containing Mn, Cu, Ni and Co in the most promising resource-grade concentrations and quantities, together with Fe and Zn (all elements of biogeochemical importance) are found far from land on the deep seafloor of the Pacific Ocean. The biogeochemical, chemical and physical mechanisms contributing to their formation, distribution, abundance and – for these six elements – variability in their concentrations in these deposits, are the main focus of the present review. The mechanisms addressed include biological productivity, sedimentation types and rates, bottom water characteristics, the Calcium Carbonate Compensation Depth, the depth and intensity of the oxygen minimum zone, and biogeochemical characteristics of the six focal elements. Particular attention is given to comparisons between the deposits found in the north and the south Pacific, in order to present an overarching view of our current understanding of the mechanisms that apply to both nodules and crusts in both oceanic hemispheres, including examination of the possible existence of a marine ferromanganese oxide continuum. The renewed interest in the commercial exploitation of these deposits has stimulated a welcome increase in scientific research that is essential to informing the public discourse on seabed mining. We briefly reflect on the work addressed in this review in that context.     

基于差异序列信息熵的降雨分区研究

充分挖掘降雨变量语法信息,利用基于差异序列信息熵测度理论的遗传算法聚类分析方法,对淮河流域蚌埠站以上区域99个雨量站进行了分区研究。根据各子区域内雨量站降雨序列差异测度得到最优分区,从而使得降雨信息在区域内具有较大的同质性。最后,以插值精度为标准,将不分区的情况为参照对象,对2、4、8三种分区结果进行校验,结果显示,相对于不分区,分区明显提升了降雨插值的精度。     

顾及空间相关性的遥感影像信息量的度量方法

提出了一种结合信息论与地学统计法的遥感影像信息量计算的方法。此方法基于遥感影像加性噪声模型和互信息上界的计算原理,同时考虑了噪声和空间相关性等影响遥感影像信息量的因素,适于计算具有稳健空间相关性、不同地物类型的光学影像的信息含量。利用Landsat TM影像子集,分别计算了城市、农田、山地3种不同地物类型的影像信息量。结果表明,城市含有最大的信息量,同时影像信息量与影像方差呈对数正相关关系。     

中国典型旅游城市人居环境适宜度空间分异研究

运用模糊层次分析法,在中国101个拥有5个3A及以上旅游景区的城市中选取30个城市为研究对象。通过建立人居环境适宜度指标体系,运用熵值法计算得出30个典型旅游城市经济环境适宜度、生态环境适宜度、气候环境适宜度、服务环境适宜度和人居环境适宜度综合得分,并对典型旅游城市的人居环境适宜度进行排序和分析。结果显示:北京和上海在人居环境适宜度得分排名前两位且优势明显;长三角地区城市(苏州、杭州、南京等)人居环境适宜度综合排名与典型旅游城市综合排名差距不大且大部分排名前15,是城市人居环境与旅游资源协调发展的典范;沿海城市(大连、青岛、厦门等)和传统旅游城市(桂林、昆明、黄山)由于旅游季节单一等原因造成城市旅游综合指数得分的排名不高,但人居环境适宜度得分较高,优势主要体现在气候环境适宜度、生态环境适宜度和服务环境适宜度;以人文景观为主的旅游城市(西安、洛阳等)人居环境适宜度排名普遍不高;重庆、广州在典型旅游城市中排名靠前,但城市人居环境适宜度得分较低,此类城市在做好旅游发展的同时应注重城市生态、服务等方面的发展。     

A new insight into the contribution of environmental conditions to tropical cyclone activities

The changes of tropical cyclone (TC) activities in response to influencing environmental conditions have been paid more and more attention to in recent years. The potential contributions of single and multivariate environmental variables to annual TC frequency and intensity from 1970 to 2009 are investigated in this study. Instead of using correlation coefficient that assumes a set of samples satisfying the normal distribution, a quantitative measurement is formulated based on the information theory. The results show that dynamic environmental variables play an important role in variations of TC activities over the western North Pacific, North Atlantic, and eastern Pacific. These dynamic factors include wind shear between 850 and 200 hPa and 850-hPa relative vorticity. However, the effects of thermal factors on TC activities are distinct over different basins. The thermal environmental variables only have significant contributions to TC frequency and intensity over the eastern Pacific as well as to TC frequency over the North Atlantic. It is found that the primary factors influencing TC activities are indeed not the same over different basins because of the differences in atmospheric conditions and their changes across different areas. The effects of dynamic variables should be considered more in the regions such as the western North Pacific where the thermal conditions are always satisfied.