Rigid Unit Modes in disordered nepheline: a study of a displacive incommensurate phase transition

 Calculations of the Rigid Unit Modes (RUMs) allowed in the nepheline structure are used to explain the diffuse scattering previously seen in electron diffraction experiments. The RUM calculations also show that the modulation wavelength for incommensurate nephelines is essentially determined by the framework topology. X-ray diffraction is used to measure the intensity of the diffuse scattering as a function of temperature. The diffuse intensity increases sharply at 308 K. This effect is interpreted as being due to the softening of a phonon mode, indicating a phase transition. Measurements of this phase transition below the transition temperature are made using hard mode infrared spectroscopy. Received: 17 February 1999 / Revised, accepted. 15 October 1999     

新矿物(19931～199312)

本文以表格形式列举了１９９３年１月至１９９３年１２月经《国际矿物学协会（ＩＭＡ）新矿物与矿物命名委员会（ＣＮＭＭＮ）》批准并在各国矿物学杂志上发表的４２个新矿物的中文英文名称、化学式及其他数据。数据依次为：矿物的晶系、空间群、晶胞参数、主要粉晶数据（Ｉ、ｈｋｌ）、物理性质（晶形、颜色、条痕、光泽、解理、发光、硬度、密度等）、光学性质（一、二轴晶,正、负光性,折光率,反射率,双反射,２Ｖ,色散,吸收性,多色性等）、产状、共生矿物等。     

江西永新—崇义地区奥陶系岩石地层单位划分探讨

作者在野外工作和室内岩矿鉴定的基础上,首次在江西水新—崇义地区奥陶系发现火山碎屑岩。本文从地层的岩性岩相特征入手,探讨了该区奥陶系岩石地层单位的划分,据此厘定了各组的含义,讨论了其时代归属。     

一种基于机器学习算法的岩性填图方法

通过野外地质调查与机器学习方法的有机融合,提出了一种基于梯度提升决策树算法的岩性单元填图方法.研究以多龙矿集区为模型试验区,选择1:5万勘查地球化学数据为基础预测数据,以1:5万区域地质图为参考,进行基于梯度提升决策树算法的岩性预测填图模型试验.首先选择研究区内小范围空白区开展野外填图,建立原始数据集并初步构建岩性单元...     

塔里木盆地构造单元划分标准、依据和原则的建立

随着塔里木盆地油气勘探的发展,人们对盆地的构造格局有了新的认识,提出了一些新的构造单元划分方案,但没有一种方案获得广泛的认可,其重要原因是没有建立起有说服力的构造单元划分标准、依据和原则。本文根据前人有关构造单元划分惯例、构造单划分规范,结合塔里木盆地实际情况,提出了塔里木盆地构造单元划分标准、依据和原则。划分标准包括命名标准和填色、标注和界线标准,规定一级构造单元名称为隆起和坳陷;二级构造单元名称为凸起、凹陷、斜坡、冲断带和低凸起。划分依据包括界线依据和定名依据,界线依据为深大断裂、-6500m等深线、地层的尖灭线、深大断裂走向趋势线、构造体系包络线和坡折带转折端;定名依据为深大断裂上、下盘、勘探目的层和烃源岩层、构造演化、基底和构造体系,其重要程度在台盆区和前陆区有所不同。根据油气勘探实际和盆地构造演化,提出了七项构造单元划分原则。     

碳酸盐岩油藏流动单元研究方法探讨

流动单元研究对于提高油田采收率具有很大的实际意义，该项研究在砂岩油藏研究中已取得较大进展．对于缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏由于成因、岩性和岩石结构构造、成岩后生作用、构造断裂作用、溶蚀作用等多因素对储集空间的影响，使已有的流动单元概念及研究技术方法难于应用．针对缝洞型碳酸盐岩地质特征，论证了碳酸盐岩储层渗流屏障的存在及其类型．提出区别于砂岩油藏的缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层流动单元的概念．说明各类动态资料对油藏储层流动单元研究较为重要．提出了研究思路和方法，包括：油藏压力趋势分析法、井间生产干扰分析法、流体性质差异分析法、井间干扰试井法．并结合塔河油田实际资料。进行了初步分析．     

青海涩北一号气田流动单元研究

以青海涩北一号气田为例,探讨了气藏储层流动单元研究方法。通过对各种储层参数分析,选择了自然电位相对幅度(ΔSP)、自然伽马相对幅度(ΔGR)作为流动单元划分参数,将研究目的层段储层划分为5类流动单元。其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ类流动单元储层物性最好,主要发育在高能滩坝相;Ⅲ类流动单元储层物性较好,主要分布中能滩坝相;Ⅳ类流动单元储层物性差,为低能滩坝相;Ⅴ类流动单元为泥岩层,其实质上为渗流屏障。通过综合分析,建立了研究区流动单元的分布模式,并分析了其对流体分布的控制作用。     

大庆油田萨中地区葡121层储层流动单元的初步划分

储层流动单元是指影响流体流动的岩性和岩石物理性质在内部相似,在垂向上和横向上连续的储集带,它是基于油藏数值模拟的目的提出的,对于油气田开发,特别是对二次采油和三次采油具有较大的实际意义。目前国内外对流动单元的研究主要集中于探索流动单元的划分方法,笔者在研究各种划分方法的基础上提出了一种最简单的划分方法,该方法可直接从测井解释成果图上读取数据,求出存储系数和渗流系数,通过聚类分析划分出流动单元。该方法虽有不足,但简便易行,且在单一沉积微相中可取得很好的效果。     

Tectonic evolution of the West Kunlun Orogenic Belt along the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau:Implications for the assembly of the Tarim terrane to Gondwana

The West Kunlun orogenic belt(WKOB) along the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau is important for understanding the evolution of the Proto-and Paleo-Tethys oceans. Previous investigations have focused on the igneous rocks and ophiolites distributed mostly along the Xinjiang-Tibet road and the China-Pakistan road, and have constructed a preliminary tectonic model for this orogenic belt. However, few studies have focused on the so-called Precambrian basement in this area. As a result, the tectonic affinity of the individual terranes of the WKOB and their detailed evolution process are uncertain. Here we report new field observations, zircon and monazite U-Pb ages of the "Precambrian basement" of the South Kunlun terrane(SKT) and the Tianshuihai terrane(TSHT), two major terranes in the WKOB. Based on new zircon U-Pb age data, the amphibolite-facies metamorphosed volcanosedimentary sequence within SKT was deposited during the late Neoproterozoic to Cambrian(600-500 Ma), and the flysch-affinity Tianshuihai Group, as the basement of the TSHT, was deposited during the late Neoproterozoic rather than Mesoproterozoic. The rock association of the volcano-sedimentary sequence within SKT suggests a large early Paleozoic accretionary wedge formed by the long-term lowangle southward subduction of the Proto-Tethys Ocean between Tarim and TSHT. The amphibolitefacies metamorphism in SKT occurred at ca. 440 Ma. This ca. 440 Ma metamorphism is genetically related to the closure of the Proto-Tethys Ocean between Tarim and the Tianshuihai terrane, which led to the assembly of Tarim to Eastern Gondwana and the final formation of the Gondwana. Since the late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic, the northward subduction of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean along the HongshihuQiaoertianshan belt produced the voluminous early Mesozoic arc-signature granites along the southern part of NKT-TSHT. The Paleo-Tethys ocean between TSHT and Karakorum closed at ca. 200 Ma, as demonstrated by the monazite age of the paragneiss in the Kangxiwa Group. Our study does not favor the existence of a Precambrian basement in SKT.     

山东省县域生态效率测算与时空特征分析

基于多源遥感数据提取投入产出数据,采用考虑非期望产出的超效率EBM模型对2000—2015年山东省县域生态效率进行测度,在此基础上采用核密度估计、空间自相关等方法对山东省县域生态效率的时空特征进行分析。研究表明：①山东省县域生态效率呈现波动式发展趋势;高值区与低值区存在显著空间分化,胶东半岛与济南都市圈构成高值集聚区,鲁西北、鲁西南、鲁南地区形成低值连绵带;②山东省县域生态效率无明显的两极分化现象,处于高值区、低值区的县域生态效率值变化较大,生态效率空间非均衡性逐渐扩大;③山东省县域生态效率存在显著空间正相关,且空间集聚性呈现增强态势;县域生态效率存在空间俱乐部趋同特征。