Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian method for large‐strain consolidation problems

In this paper, an arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) method is generalized to solve consolidation problems involving large deformation. Special issues such as pore‐water pressure convection, permeability and void ratio updates due to rotation and convection, mesh refinement and equilibrium checks are discussed. A simple and effective mesh refinement scheme is presented for the ALE method. The ALE method as well as an updated‐Lagrangian method is then used to solve some classical consolidation problems involving large deformations with different constitutive laws. The results clearly show the advantage and efficiency of the ALE method for these examples. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Simulating the hydraulic characteristics of the lower Yellow River by the finite‐volume technique

The finite‐volume technique is used to solve the two‐dimensional shallow‐water equations on unstructured mesh consisting of quadrilateral elements. In this paper the algorithm of the finite‐volume method is discussed in detail and particular attention is paid to accurately representing the complex irregular computational domain. The lower Yellow River reach from Huayuankou to Jiahetan is a typical meandering river. The generation of the computational mesh, which is used to simulate the flood, is affected by the distribution of water works in the river channel. The spatial information about the two Yellow River levee, the protecting dykes, and those roads that are obviously higher than the ground, need to be used to generate the computational mesh. As a result these dykes and roads locate the element interfaces of the computational mesh. In the model the finite‐volume method is used to solve the shallow‐wave equations, and the Osher scheme of the empirical function is used to calculate the flux through the interface between the neighbouring elements. The finite‐volume method has the advantage of using computational domain with complex geometry, and the Osher scheme is a method based on characteristic theory and is a monotone upwind numerical scheme with high resolution. The flood event with peak discharge of 15 300 m³/s, occurring in the period from 30 July to 10 August 1982, is simulated. The estimated result indicates that the simulation method is good for routing the flood in a region with complex geometry. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

内陆单斜构造内咸水入侵淡水含水层三维数值模拟：——以山西柳林？…

本文建立了内陆单斜构造内咸水入侵淡水含水层的三维可混溶溶质运移模型。同时,为了尽可能提高模拟精度,还建立了区域二维水流模型和水质模型,为三维模型提供边界条件。模型应用于描述柳林电厂水源地咸－淡水界面运移特征,模拟效果良好,还据此预报了咸水入侵的可能性并探讨了淡水流的强弱对咸－淡水界面运移的影响。     

Numerical Prediction of Hydrodynamic Forces on A Ship Passing Through A Lock

While passing through a lock, a ship usually undergoes a steady forward motion at low speed. Owing to the size restriction of lock chamber, the shallow water and bank effects on the hydrodynamic forces acting on the ship may be remarkable, which may have an adverse effect on navigation safety. However, the complicated hydrodynamics is not yet fully understood. This paper focuses on the hydrodynamic forces acting on a ship passing through a lock. The unsteady viscous flow and hydrodynamic forces are calculated by applying an unsteady RANS code with a RNG k?ε turbulence model. User-defined function (UDF) is compiled to define the ship motion. Meanwhile, the grid regeneration is dealt with by using the dynamic mesh method and sliding interface technique. Numerical study is carried out for a bulk carrier ship passing through the Pierre Vandamme Lock in Zeebrugge at the model scale. The proposed method is validated by comparing the numerical results with the data of captive model tests. By analyzing the numerical results obtained at different speeds, water depths and eccentricities, the influences of speed, water depth and eccentricity on the hydrodynamic forces are illustrated. The numerical method proposed in this paper can qualitatively predict the ship-lock hydrodynamic interaction. It can provide certain guidance on the manoeuvring and control of ships passing through a lock.     

Numerical prediction of hydrodynamic forces on a ship passing through a lock

While passing through a lock, a ship usually undergoes a steady forward motion at low speed. Owing to the size restriction of lock chamber, the shallow water and bank effects on the hydrodynamic forces acting on the ship may be remarkable, which may have an adverse effect on navigation safety. However, the complicated hydrodynamics is not yet fully understood. This paper focuses on the hydrodynamic forces acting on a ship passing through a lock. The unsteady viscous flow and hydrodynamic forces are calculated by applying an unsteady RANS code with a RNG k-ε turbulence model. User-defined function(UDF) is compiled to define the ship motion. Meanwhile, the grid regeneration is dealt with by using the dynamic mesh method and sliding interface technique. Numerical study is carried out for a bulk carrier ship passing through the Pierre Vandamme Lock in Zeebrugge at the model scale. The proposed method is validated by comparing the numerical results with the data of captive model tests. By analyzing the numerical results obtained at different speeds, water depths and eccentricities, the influences of speed, water depth and eccentricity on the hydrodynamic forces are illustrated. The numerical method proposed in this paper can qualitatively predict the ship-lock hydrodynamic interaction. It can provide certain guidance on the manoeuvring and control of ships passing through a lock.     

Numerical simulation of viscous cavitating flow around a ship propeller

In the present study, cavitation and a ship propeller wake are reported by computed fluid dynamics based on viscous multiphase flow theory. Some recent validation results with a hybrid grid based on unsteady Navier-Stokes (N-S) and bubble dynamics equations are presented to predict velocity, pressure and vapor volume fraction in propeller wake in a uniform inflow. Numerical predictions of sheet cavitation, tip vortex cavitation and hub vortex cavitation are in agreement with the experimental data, same as numerical predictions of longitudinal and transversal evolution of the axial velocity. Blade and shaft rate frequency of propeller is well predicted by the computed results of pressure, and tip vortex is the most important to generate the pressure field within the near wake. The overall results indicate that the present approach is reliable for prediction of cavitation and propeller wake on the condition of uniform inflow.     

南海区拖网方目网囊选择性试验

为了科学地确定南海区拖网网囊的结构和适宜网目尺寸 ,于 2 0 0 0年 1 1月 2 5日～ 1 2月 2 0日在南海北部珠江口以外海域水深 36～ 70m拖网渔场 ,对 4种不同网目尺寸的方目网囊进行了网囊套网式捕鱼选择性试验 ,获得了蓝圆鱼参(Decapterusmaruadsi)、多齿蛇鲻 (Sauridatumbil)、条尾绯鲤 (Upeneusbensa si)等 3种主要鱼种的选择性曲线。试验结果表明 :4种方目网囊的数量平均逃逸率均高于重量平均逃逸率 ;网囊渔获的优势体长总是大于套网渔获的优势体长 ;蓝 鱼参、多齿蛇鲻、条尾绯鲤之类的圆体鱼类比扁体鱼类更易于逃出方目网囊。     

基于网眼密度的道路选取方法

道路数据中的网眼密度能反映局部区域的道路密集程度,通过确定目标尺度要求的密度阈值,比例尺缩小后能够标识出数据中需要取舍路段的网眼;循环剥离密度最大的网眼,利用反映路段重要性的参数及其优先级,渐进筛选出舍弃的路段,并完成与邻接网眼的合并;得到的选取结果保持了道路网在密度、拓扑、几何及语义方面的重要特征,从而提出一种新的道路选取方法。最后进行实验,验证该方法的有效性。     

Modeling blocky nonlinear mechanics behavior on plasticity and progressive fractures with the enriched mesh free DDA method

This study explores a new form of Discontinuous Deformation Analysis (DDA) method, which uses mesh free displacement functions instead of linear polynomial ones adopted in the original DDA, hence it can effectively describe complex block displacements and deformations. Moreover, the capability of describing a block’s nonlinear mechanical behaviors, i.e., plasticity and fracture, are developed under classical fracture and increment plasticity mechanics theories. With consideration of computation efficiency and convenience, the Sibson natural neighbor interpolation technique for block plasticity analysis and the enriched Moving Least-Squares (MLS) approximation for block fracture analysis are employed, respectively. Numerical results show the applicability of the proposed mesh free DDA method.     

两种孔径网具对大洋微(小)型浮游植物调查结果的影响——以西南印度洋海域第34次大洋春季航次为例

浮游植物拖网是海洋浮游植物调查的重要工具,不同网具可以导致不同的调查结果。为研究两种孔径网具对大洋浮游植物调查的影响,于2015年4~5月在西南印度洋分别用筛绢孔径为20和77 μm的两种浮游生物网在多个站位进行浮游植物采样。对采集的样品进行浮游植物鉴定,分析比较了两者浮游植物的物种数、细胞丰度、物种丰富度、多样性指数、均匀度指数和优势种。结果表明,在相同采样站位,筛绢孔径为20 μm网采样品鉴定得到的平均物种数、平均细胞丰度和平均物种丰富度分别是筛绢孔径为77 μm网采样品的2.7、17和2倍,呈显著差异。但两种网采样品的平均多样性指数和平均均匀度指数都无显著差异。此外,筛绢孔径为20 μm网采样品中有9种优势种,而筛绢孔径为77 μm网采样品中有11种优势种,其中共同的优势种有6种。以上结果说明在寡营养海域使用20 μm孔径的网具可以获得更为全面的浮游植物信息。