地震勘探技术在新疆准东煤田的应用

新疆准东煤田主要煤层为赋存于中侏罗系西山窑组地层中的B煤组煤层,受区域构造和沉积环境的影响,该煤组煤层存在分叉合并、露头、缺失、火烧等地质现象,煤层结构比较复杂。以准东煤田西山窑组地层中的B煤组煤层为例,介绍了上述地质现象在地震时间剖面上的表现特征及解释原则,并采用地震反演技术对该区煤层厚度及煤层结构进行了解释,其精度与实际揭露相比,吻合程度较高。     

多涡自组织的初步研究

在涡旋自组织动力学的框架内,用f平面二维准地转模式研究了初始场上不规则分布的由12个β和γ中尺度涡构成的涡群如何自组织成一个较大涡旋的问题。结果表明,多涡自组织是一个逐次合并的过程,开始时是相邻双涡的合并,然后形成三涡流型,最后才形成一个α中尺度的终态涡。因此,多涡共存条件下的双涡作用,是多涡自组织的一个基本的物理过程。初始场上的每一个涡或涡块,主要有两类“前景”,一是其涡量与相邻涡涡量合并,成为新的一个涡的内区的涡量来源;二是被相邻涡的环流拉伸,成为新的一个涡的螺旋带涡量的来源。每一个新的涡,类似地也有这两类前景,直至惟一的一个较大尺度的涡自组织起来。初始涡结构描述精度不同,自组织过程中涡互旋和涡合并的速率均会不同,终态涡内区涡量来源也不相同,说明准确给出初始涡群涡结构特征十分重要。最后指出了二维准地转流自组织过程数值解的一个属性,即总动能缓慢衰减,总涡度拟能迅速衰减,最大尺度涡旋的环流迅速加大。     

一次山地积云并合扩展层化过程的数值模拟

因复杂地形下热力和动力抬升对近地面空气的扰动作用,贵州地区容易形成内部嵌有许多小对流单体的积层混合云.选取2005年5月29日发生在贵州省的一次积层混合云降水个例进行分析,并利用WRF模式模拟该云系的生成、发展过程.结果表明:积层混合云由积云并合扩展层化形成,其发展过程经历三个典型的并合阶段.云系的降水特点是降水范围很大,分布不均匀,雨区中存在多个强降水中心,降水量累计最大值可达60 mm,且强降水中心与云中小对流单体的位置对应;积层混合云形成过程中,地面产生强降水的最终原因是,云并合过程中释放的不稳定能量改变了云中的气流场和含水量场.     

舟曲泥石流天气过程中云团合并的卫星观测

利用极轨和静止气象卫星红外云图资料,对2010年8月7日甘肃舟曲发生的特大泥石流天气过程中出现的对流云合并现象进行分析。从卫星监测结果来看,多个对流单体合并而成的中尺度对流系统,在发展过程中产生了局地强降水,从而引发了特大泥石流灾害。整个过程中有5个阶段出现了合并现象:首先,多个对流单体合并形成中尺度对流系统; 在中尺度对流系统的发展和维持过程中,3个阶段出现了新旧对流系统的合并; 在系统即将消散的阶段又出现了两个强中心的合并。合并过程不仅促成中尺度对流系统的生成,使得云体增强发展,而且为对流系统维持补充了能量,使系统生命史延长。另外,在5个阶段的合并过程中,合并机制可以归结为内部动力结构变化和外致碰撞合并两大类。其中,在系统形成阶段,外致碰撞合并是主要机制; 而在发展维持阶段,包括气压梯度力、辐合抬升、下沉-上升环流加强等在内的内部动力结构变化影响是发生合并的主要原因。     

The influence of mergings on galaxy evolution

The evolution of the galaxy mass function MF (and luminosity function LF) depending on merging of galaxies is discussed. The richness and masses of most massive (and most luminous) galaxies of a cluster are chosen as a characteristic of the bright edge of LF. Mergers are simulated by a Monte-Carlo method. The probability of merging depends on the masses of galaxies. The ratio of the current number of galaxies to the initial one plays the role of the time scale. Transformation to real time and redshift is realized with help of the Smoluchowsky kinetic equation (SE) solution, describing the merging process and making possible to find the dependence of the galaxy number on time. The dependencies of richness, masses and magnitude differences of most massive and brightest galaxies of a cluster on redshift have been obtained. Creation of cD-galaxy has been retraced on small redshifts. The masses of the second and less massive cluster galaxies grow, but after the creation of the cD-galaxy they begin to decrease. Comparison of obtained results with data of the catalogues is provided. Correspondence in mentioned dependencies is observed. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

山东省线状中尺度对流系统与多单体风暴的合并特征

利用济南多普勒天气雷达产品和华北区域雷达拼图等资料,普查了2012—2016年影响山东的线状中尺度对流系统(linear mesoscale convective system,LMCS),分析了LMCS与多单体风暴的合并方式以及合并后的演变趋势等特征,得到如下几条结论：1)LMCS(A)与多单体风暴(B)有A追B,A扩展,A、B相向和B追A四种合并方式;2)LMCS与多单体风暴合并的临界距离为30 km;3)LMCS与多单体风暴合并后,强度增强或维持,尺度增大,生命史延长,长轴将可能转向;4)LMCS与多单体风暴合并时,其本身合并部分将减弱,多单体风暴合并进入LMCS,成为LMCS的一部分;5)合并是雷暴的传播运动造成的;6)63.3%的合并案例会产生雷暴大风、冰雹或强降水灾害,雷暴大风灾害出现的概率最大。     

An automated object-based approach for the multiscale image segmentation of forest scenes

Over the last decade the analysis of Earth observation data has evolved from what were predominantly per-pixel multispectral-based approaches, to the development and application of multiscale object-based methods. To empower users with these emerging object-based approaches, methods need to be intuitive, easy to use, require little user intervention, and provide results closely matching those generated by human interpreters. In an attempt to facilitate this, we present multiscale object-specific segmentation (MOSS) as an integrative object-based approach for automatically delineating image-objects (i.e., segments) at multiple scales from a high-spatial resolution remotely sensed forest scene. We further illustrate that these segments cognitively correspond to individual tree crowns, ranging up to forest stands, and describe how such a tool may be used in computer-assisted forest inventory mapping. MOSS is composed of three primary components: object-specific analysis (OSA), object-specific upscaling (OSU), and a new segmentation algorithm referred to as size constrained region merging (SCRM). The rationale for integrating these methods is that the first two provide the third with object-size parameters that otherwise would need to be specified by a user. Analysis is performed on an IKONOS-2 panchromatic image that represents a highly fragmented forested landscape in the Sooke Watershed on southern Vancouver Island, BC, Canada.     

区域化探中多图幅系统误差的校正

针对区域地球化学图件中出现的含量等值线环绕子区边界的情况,提出多图幅拼接系统误差的校正方法,将其转化为数学方法中正规方程组的求解,以解决各个图幅系统误差校正不能兼顾的问题.以阿龙山地区区域化探图幅拼接为例对该方法的有效性进行了证明.     

基于局域同质性梯度的遥感图像分割方法及其评价

提出了一种针对多波段遥感图像的快速分割方法.该方法首先对遥感图像进行量化,然后提取局域同质性梯度图像,进而利用快速分水岭变换进行初始分割,最后利用改进的区域合并方法获得最终的分割结果.利用Quickbird图像进行了相关的实验,并在像素数量误差准则的指导下进行了分割评价,结果表明所提出的方法是一种有效的遥感图像分割方法,在分割速度和精度等方面优于多分辨率分割方法.     

A Ka-band Solid-state Transmitter Cloud Radar and Data Merging Algorithm for Its Measurements

This study concerns a Ka-band solid-state transmitter cloud radar, made in China, which can operate in three different work modes, with different pulse widths, and coherent and incoherent integration numbers, to meet the requirements for cloud remote sensing over the Tibetan Plateau. Specifically, the design of the three operational modes of the radar(i.e., boundary mode M1, cirrus mode M2, and precipitation mode M3) is introduced. Also, a cloud radar data merging algorithm for the three modes is proposed. Using one month's continuous measurements during summertime at Naqu on the Tibetan Plateau,we analyzed the consistency between the cloud radar measurements of the three modes. The number of occurrences of radar detections of hydrometeors and the percentage contributions of the different modes' data to the merged data were estimated.The performance of the merging algorithm was evaluated. The results indicated that the minimum detectable reflectivity for each mode was consistent with theoretical results. Merged data provided measurements with a minimum reflectivity of -35 dBZ at the height of 5 km, and obtained information above the height of 0.2 km. Measurements of radial velocity by the three operational modes agreed very well, and systematic errors in measurements of reflectivity were less than 2 dB. However,large discrepancies existed in the measurements of the linear depolarization ratio taken from the different operational modes.The percentage of radar detections of hydrometeors in mid- and high-level clouds increased by 60% through application of pulse compression techniques. In conclusion, the merged data are appropriate for cloud and precipitation studies over the Tibetan Plateau.