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101.
Derege Tsegaye Meshesha Atsushi Tsunekawa Mitsuru Tsubo Nigussie Haregeweyn Enyew Adgo 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(12):2203-2215
AbstractKnowledge of rainfall characteristics is important for estimating soil erosion in arid areas. We determined basic rainfall characteristics (raindrop size distribution, intensity and kinetic energy), evaluated the erosivity of rainfall events, and established a relationship between rainfall intensity I and volume-specific kinetic energy KEvol for the Central Rift Valley area of the Ethiopian highlands. We collected raindrops on dyed filter paper and calculated KEvol and erosivity values for each rainfall event. For most rainfall intensities the median volume drop diameter (D50) was higher than expected, or reported in most studies. Rainfall intensity in the region was not high, with 8% of rain events exceeding 30 mm h-1. We calculated soil erosion from storm energy and maximum 30-min intensity for soils of different erodibility under conditions of fallow (unprotected soil), steep slope (about 9%) and no cover and management practice on the surface, and determined that 3 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 is the threshold erosivity, while erosivity of >7 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 could cause substantial erosion in all soil types in the area.
Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz; Associate Editor Q. Zhang 相似文献
102.
中值滤波技术可以有效地去除随机噪声,增强水平同相轴的连续性,但其未考虑地层倾角的变化.断层/边缘增强滤波技术考虑到地层倾角的变化因素,能够突出细微差别,改善低信噪比资料,显著提高地震剖面质量.实践证明,断层/边缘增强滤波技术能更加突出地层接触关系,可以有效提高小断层的解释精度,提高煤田三维地震勘探资料解释的精度和准确性. 相似文献
103.
浅层反射地震资料中面波一般比较发育,对有效信号形成干扰,现有压制面波等相千干扰的处理手段主要适用于中深部、深部地震勘探,但并不适用于浅层反射地震资料的处理。为此提出了倾角中值滤波法。该方法是基于叠前地震单炮道集上反射波与强线性干扰在£吨域视速度上的差异,在多组视倾角范围内,求取一个最佳视倾角,将最佳视倾角的振幅序列的中值视为相干干扰,利用“减去法”,达到信噪分离。通过模型与实际资料的处理,汪明该方法能够有效分离强线性干扰,并保留了强线性干扰的特性,提高了资料的信噪比,保真度高,是浅层高分辨率地震勘探的一种理想的叠前信噪分离技术。 相似文献
104.
一种基于Rough集的图像滤波算法 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Rough集理论是一种新的处理含糊和不确定性问题的数学工具。它作为一种软计算方法,与模糊方法、遗传算法、神经网络等一样,是有发展潜力的智能信息处理方法。文中将Rough集理论应用到图像滤波中,提出了一种基于Rough集理论的图像中值滤波算法;给出了该算法与标准中值滤波算法的比较实验。结果表明,该算法去噪能力强于标准中值滤波算法,且能较好地保持图像的边缘细节信息。 相似文献
105.
Yoshimitsu Fukushima Masafumi Mori Shin'ichi Matsuzaki Shuji Kobayashi Yuki Ohno 《Journal of Seismology》2001,5(1):63-72
A semi-empirical approach using fore- or after-shockrecords as Green's functions is applicable to thesimulation of strong ground motion, however suchrecords are obviously not available for predictionpurposes. Thus we have predicted ground motion fora hypothetical large earthquake from other minorevents by adopting a distance correction based ongeometrical spreading. Another difficulty inprediction is fault modeling. Surface traces weresimplified as fault models 27, 46, 55, and 77 km inlength. Further, the actual fault rupture may beinhomogeneous, so an asperity distribution isassumed. This asperity model assumes thatdislocation and stress drop are double than theaverage values. Although, the near field term isneglected in our simulation, no significantdifference was seen in the motions estimated byindividual models for periods up to 2.0 seconds. This indicates that the dependence of source size issmall for strong motion, perhaps as a result of therandom summation of high-frequency phases. 相似文献
106.
中国冰川分布的地理特征 总被引:15,自引:10,他引:15
中国冰川分布,在西北形成了冰水绿州景观,在塔里木盆地和雅鲁藏布江周围形成5个巨大的冰川集结中心,用“冰川覆覆盖度”评价,干旱山区的高山有较大的冰川发育能力。“冰川中值”标志的冰川分布高程,向青春高原内部逐渐抬升。冰川的进退幅度,向低能量冰川区域小,冰川形在型因地而异,分化成“高山型”和“高原型”两大类型组合。 相似文献
107.
108.
Paul Wessel 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(4):391-408
Prior to interpretation and further analysis, many datasets must first be separated into regional and residual components. Traditional techniques are either subjective (e.g., graphical methods) or nonrobust (e.g., all least-squares based methods). Bathymetric data, with their broad spectrum, pose serious difficulties to these traditional methods, in particular those based on spectral decomposition. Spatial median filters offer a solution that is robust, objective, and often defines regional components similar to those produced graphically by hand. Characteristics of spatial median filters in general are discussed and a new empirical method is presented for determining the width of the robust median filter that accomplishes an optimal separation of a gridded dataset into its regional and residual components. The method involves tracing the zero-contour of the residual component and evaluating the ratio between the volume enclosed by the surface inside this contour and the contour's area. The filter width giving the highest ratio (or mean amplitude) is called the Optimal Robust Separator (ORS) and is selected as the optimal filter producing the best separation. The technique allows a unique and objective determination of the regional field and enables researchers to undertake reproducible separations of regional and residual components. The ORS method is applied to both synthetic data and bathymetry/topography of the Hawaiian Islands; ways to improve the technique using alternative diagnostic quantities are discussed. 相似文献
109.
110.
黄幼才 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》1988,(1)
最小二乘估计作为一种最优估计被广泛地应用于测量数据处理之中,因为它是建立在观测值误差符合正态分布这个假设前提下的,所以其统计数学模型缺乏抗拒粗差的能力。为了克服这个缺点。Robust估计得到迅速发展并逐步被应用到各个领域之中。本文在坐标变换中采用了重复中值估计(Robust估计中的一种方法),并将其与最小二乘估计的结果作了比较,从而阐明了中值估计的基本原理及其应用。 相似文献