全热解石墨管石墨炉原子吸收法测定痕量锶

研究了热解涂层和全热解石墨管中Sr的原子吸收信号形状和原子化行为,讨论了CaCl_2、FeCl_3和HClO_4,抑制Sr吸收信号的原因。采用EDTA铵盐作基体改进剂,全热解石墨管石墨炉原子吸收法直接测定河泥中痕量Sr,方法的特征量为6.9pg/0.0044A。     

顾及精度与可靠性的测量控制网优化设计

本文从两个准则矩阵——精度准则矩阵与可靠性准则矩阵出发,导出了一种新的测量控制网优化设计方法。利用它不仅能实现同时顾及精度与可靠性的二类优化设计,还可进行以准则矩阵为基础的一类优化设计。另外,这种方法可将一类、二类设计问题同时解决,从而为测量控制网的混合设计开辟了新路。     

因子克立格分析的理论综述及应用展望

   因子克立格分析是研究多元地质统计学的基拙，是由因子克立格法和协区域化分析两部分组成，方法上包括了区域化变量(集)的分解和分解后每一空间分童的估值;本文阐述了因子克立格分析从产生到应用的理论发展、研究成果及应用展望。     

参数估计的统一模型——广义Gauss-Markov模型

设计矩阵可以是秩亏阵,观测值的协方差阵可以是奇异阵的广义 Gauss-Markov模型(简称广义G-M模型),它是一种形式简单的统一模型。本文从最小二乘估计V~TQ~-V=min 出发,研究广义G-M 模型的参数估计理论和方法。说明了V~TQV~-=min与 Rao及Bjeharmmar等的平差原则一致。并对广义 G-M模型之解及其性质进行了系统讨论。     

波浪波长和方向提取的图像纹理分析技术

传统的波浪波长和方向分析技术是谱分析。本文从海洋波浪图像直接作图像纹理分析,在图像的每一个处理窗口,以海浪图像灰度极值点大小、个数的分布和灰度共生矩阵为基础,构造了借以区分不同海浪波长和方向的纹理测度,实现提取海浪波长和方向信息。     

CaCO3生物矿化的研究进展——有机质的控制作用

生物CaCO₃是自然界分布最广泛的一类生物矿物,其组成除了无机相的CaCO₃外,还含有少量的有机质,包括水可溶(SM)和水不可溶有机质(IM),SM富含阴离子基团,是控制CaCO₃结晶的重要因素之一。通过有机—无机界面分子识别,有机质选择性地与CaCO₃晶体特定方向的面网相互作用,从而对CaCO₃的生长、形貌、多型及结晶学定向等产生明显的控制作用。有机—无机界面的分子识别机制包括静电、晶格几何匹配和立体化学互补等。仿生矿化的研究为进一步深入了解生物矿化的机理及制造高级复合材料提供了新的方法。     

Exploring Cities through a Population Ageing Matrix: a spatial and temporal analysis of older adult population trends in Perth,Australia

In an increasingly urbanised and ageing world the spatial distribution of an older population is a matter of growing scholarly and policy interest. Much of the research on this topic has tended to draw on one of two key measures: structural ageing, or the ratio of older cohorts to the rest of the population, or numeric ageing, which simply counts the number of older people without reference to the rest of the population. This paper argues that, on their own, these measures have limitations, and that considerable value lies in assessing the interplay between numeric and structural ageing measures. The population ageing matrix, a theoretical framework that classifies the demographic dynamics of population ageing across metropolitan areas, is presented and examined through the case study of Perth, Western Australia. The value of the matrix to reveal patterns and trends missed by analyses of single measures is investigated and areas that are experiencing changes in the composition and size of the ageing demographic are identified. The paper also reflects on the implications of these findings for policy and planning.     

SIMS测定玻璃固化样品中铀分布的分析方法研究

玻璃固化是一种常用的高放废液固化方法,其优点在于具有较高的抗化学介质侵蚀的能力和很好的辐照稳定性、热稳定性和机械稳定性,其不足之处在于抗水浸出等性能有所下降而使其安全性需要进一步通过抗浸出实验来进行衡量和确认。使用二次离子质谱(SIMS)分析玻璃固化体中的放射性成分(如铀元素)的分布及浸出行为等各项指标,是一种评估玻璃固化体抗浸出性能的分析手段。本文应用SIMS测试模拟玻璃固化体,以碳作为镀膜材料通过真空蒸发镀碳的方法优化样品制备条件,有效地解决了样品导电性差的问题,~(235)U/~(238)U同位素测定结果约为7.9‰±0.395‰,基本符合制作模拟样品时所使用的天然铀的同位素特征(~(235)U/~(238)U参考值约7.3‰)。研究表明,建立的方法实现了铀元素同位素丰度的测量,能直接显示铀的分布情况,该方法可为研究玻璃固化体中放射性元素的浸出行为提供一定的技术支持。     

Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Bias on Isotope Ratios in Dolomite–Ankerite,Part II: δ13C Matrix Effects

This study is Part II of a series that documents the development of a suite of calibration reference materials for in situ SIMS analysis of stable isotope ratios in Ca‐Mg‐Fe carbonates. Part I explored the effects of Fe²⁺ substitution on SIMS δ¹⁸O bias measured from the dolomite–ankerite solid solution series [CaMg(CO₃)₂–CaFe(CO₃)₂], whereas this complementary work explores the compositional dependence of SIMS δ¹³C bias (calibrated range: Fe# = 0.004–0.789, where Fe# = molar Fe/(Mg+Fe)). Under routine operating conditions for carbonate δ¹³C analysis at WiscSIMS (CAMECA IMS 1280), the magnitude of instrumental bias increased exponentially by 2.5–5.5‰ (session‐specific) with increasing Fe‐content in the dolomite structure, but appeared insensitive to minor Mn substitution [< 2.6 mole % Mn/(Ca+Mg+Fe+Mn)]. The compositional dependence of bias (i.e., the matrix effect) was expressed using the Hill equation, yielding calibration residual values ≤ 0.3‰ relative to CRM NBS‐19 for eleven carbonate reference materials (6‐μm‐diameter spot size measurements). Based on the spot‐to‐spot repeatability of a drift monitor material that ‘bracketed’ each set of ten sample‐spot analyses, the analytical precision was ± 0.6–1.2‰ (2s, standard deviations). The analytical uncertainty for individual sample analyses was approximated by combining the precision and calibration residual values (propagated in quadrature), suggesting an uncertainty of ± 1.0–1.5‰ (2s).