基于AHP的新疆南天山西段中强地震预测指标体系及效能评估

本文从新疆南天山西段地区映震效果较好的预测指标出发, 采用AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process, 层次分析法)建立了新疆南天山西段地区预测指标体系。 在此基础上, 应用1～9比率标度法构建相应的判断矩阵, 进而计算各指标的权重。 结果显示, 几项映震效果较好的指标中, 权重值相对较大的是短期预测指标中的形变异常和部分测震学参数。 同时AHP模型也给出了新疆南天山西段有无中强地震的综合判断指标Y, Y值可较好地反映新疆南天山西段地区中强地震的震兆强弱程度和异常可靠性, 当Y≥2.191时, 新疆南天山西段地区短期内存在发生中强地震的危险。     

山西省不同地貌形态类型区土地覆被变化的GIS分析

基于全国1:100万数字地貌数据库,全国2000、2005、2010年土地覆被数据和山西省行政区边界数据,采用土地覆被动态度、转移概率矩阵和地貌面积频度方法,分析了2000-2010年山西省基本地貌形态类型下的土地覆被变化。结果表明：（1）山西省的土地覆被类型以耕地、林地和草地为主,面积总和占省域面积的95%以上。面积变化的总体趋势是耕地和草地缩减,林地和建设用地持续增加。通过分析转移概率矩阵,表明2000-2005年和2005-2010年2个时段内,土地利用的主要转化趋势相似,即林地与草地之间大面积的相互转化,耕地、草地分别与建设用地之间的相互转化。（2）耕地和建设用地的分布,随着起伏度的增大而逐渐减小。林地分布随着起伏度的增加而逐步增大。从面积变化来看,耕地、林地和草地变化主要位于中起伏山地;水域变化主要集中在大起伏山地;建设用地变化主要分布于平原和台地;未利用地变化主要在小起伏山地。从动态度来看,耕地、草地和水域动态度,在大起伏山地地区最大;林地动态度在平原区最大;建设用地的动态度最大位于丘陵;未利用地在小起伏山地地区最大。（3）土地覆被类型之间的主要转化在地貌上也存着差异。平原地区林地的增加主要来自草地转化。台地和丘陵地区3个主要转化类型相似,2000-2005年主要是林地向草地退化,2005-2010年主要是林地和草地的相互转化。在小起伏山地地区,主要是草地和林地之间的相互转化,但草地转化为林地的面积较林地向草地的转化多。中起伏和大起伏山地地区主要以草地和耕地向林地的转化为主,也有较高比例的建设用地转化为林地。封山育林和退耕还林主要是在起伏较大的山地地区,毁林主要发生在地形平缓地区。     

自润滑孕镶金刚石钻头胎体材料初步研究

为了研究具有自润滑性能的孕镶金刚石钻头胎体材料,进行了在胎体配方中添加石墨的研究。对胎体材料的抗弯强度、硬度、耐磨性和材料与白刚玉砂轮组成摩擦副时的摩擦系数进行了测定,并用扫描电子显微镜观察了磨损表面形貌。实验结果表明,添加石墨后,胎体材料的硬度和抗弯强度下降,与60目白刚玉砂轮组成摩擦副时的摩擦系数下降,耐磨性则随着石墨含量的增多先增强,后下降（超过6％后）。形貌分析表明,不含石墨的胎体材料在磨损中发生明显的塑性变形;添加石墨后,胎体材料的塑性降低,出现犁沟和剥落现象。     

基于判断矩阵的观测量粗差发现和定位相关性分析

用布尔矩阵分析、研究判断矩阵,得到观测量粗差发现和定位的相关数以及测量系统的最大可发现粗差和定位粗差数的计算公式.试验证明,当粗差发现和定位相互影响的观测量同时含有粗差时,现行的迭代数据探测法和选权迭代法不可能完全正确定位粗差.通过算例验证了使用布尔矩阵和判断矩阵分析多维粗差发现和定位相关性的有效性和优越性.     

Cardinal directions: a comparison of direction relation matrix and objects interaction matrix

How to express and reason with cardinal directions between extended objects such as lines and regions is an important problem in qualitative spatial reasoning (QSR), a common subfield of geographical information science and Artificial Intelligence (AI). The direction relation matrix (DRM) model, proposed by Goyal and Egenhofer in 1997, is one very expressive relation model for this purpose. Unlike many other relation models in QSR, the set-theoretic converse of a DRM relation is not necessarily representable in DRM. Schneider et al. regard this as a serious shortcoming and propose, in their work published in ACM TODS (2012), the objects interaction matrix (OIM) model for modelling cardinal directions between complex regions. OIM is also a tiling-based model that consists of two phases: the tiling phase and the interpretation phase. Although it was claimed that OIM is a novel concept, we show that it is not so different from DRM if we represent the cardinal direction of two regions a and b by both the DRM of a to b and that of b to a. Under this natural assumption, we give methods for computing DRMs from OIMs and vice versa, and show that OIM is almost the same as DRM in the tiling phase, and becomes less precise after interpretation. Furthermore, exploiting the similarity between the two models, we prove that the consistency of a complete basic OIM network can be decided in cubic time. This answers an open problem raised by Schneider et al. regarding efficient algorithms for reasoning with OIM.     

基于GIS位置分配的城市消防站点优化布局探析

介绍了GIS"位置分配"基本原理和优化模型,基于地形图构建路网模型,应用最小化设施点数和最大化覆盖范围模型确定布局方案,划定管理服务区优化消防站选址。通过对消防站可达性及消防出行机动能力分析,找出消防站布局规律,为城市消防站布局规划提供参考。     

An improved direction relation detection model for spatial objects

Direction is a common spatial concept that is used in our daily life. It is frequently used as a selection condition in spatial queries. As a result, it is important for spatial databases to provide a mechanism for modeling and processing direction queries and reasoning. Depending on the direction relation matrix, an inverted direction relation matrix and the concept of direction pre- dominance are proposed to improve the detection of direction relation between objects. Direction predicates of spatial systems are also extended. These techniques can improve the veracity of direction queries and reasoning. Experiments show excellent efficiency and performance in view of direction queries.     

Measurement of similarity for spatial directions between areal objects

Similarity for spatial directions plays an important role in GIS. In this paper, the conventional approaches are analyzed. Based on raster data areal objects, the authors propose two new methods for measuring similarity among spatial directions. One is to measure the similarity among spatial directions based on the features of raster data and the changes of distances between spatial objects, the other is to measure the similarity among spatial directions according to the variation of each raster cell centroid angle. The two methods overcome the complexity of measuring similarity among spatial directions with direction matrix model and solve the limitation of small changes in direction. The two methods are simple and have broader applicability.     

基于组合罗德里格矩阵的异常特征点探测

特征点是点云配准的基础,针对异常特征点对点云配准精度的影响,本文给出了一种异常特征点探测方法,即根据罗德里格矩阵的性质,对特征点进行向量组合,对比分析不同向量组合的点云配准精度,确定配准误差超限的向量组合,此向量组合中含有而其他向量组合中不合有的特征点,便是异常特征点.通过实例验证了该方法的可行性.