医用CT在三维椭球颗粒随机堆积结构研究中的应用

颗粒随机堆积问题是物理和工程领域的热门问题。椭球颗粒随机堆积体系作为球形体系的拓展,增加了旋转自由度,从而表现出更复杂的性质,由于椭球颗粒比球形颗粒更类似于自然界中普遍存在的非规则颗粒,因此其研究具有重要的实用价值。研究三维颗粒堆积结构问题一般需要CT成像技术,本文介绍了如何利用医用CT对三维椭球随机堆积体系进行成像研究的技术细节,包括如何通过图像处理的方法获取椭球颗粒的空间位置、取向和体积,如何利用接触数标度函数拟合的方法得到近邻颗粒间的接触信息等。本文的研究内容和方法为利用各种X射线CT成像方法研究三维颗粒体系提供了技术参考。     

双向地震作用下锯末混合土场地动力特性分析

在北京工业大学振动台台阵系统上开展了一系列锯末混合土地基自由场振动台模型试验,试验中模型箱采用装配式连续体刚性模型箱,试验中输入地震动时程采用El Centro地震动记录、Taft地震动记录和天津地震动记录,地震动输入方向分为水平单向和水平双向。文中,重点考察了双向地震动输入下锯末混合土模型场地的动力特性及其变化规律,主要指标包括模型场地地震动反应的峰值加速度及其动力放大系数、加速度时程及其傅氏谱。试验结果表明:随着输入地震动强度的增大,同一测点反应的峰值加速度总体上在增大,而其加速度动力放大系数总体上呈现减小的趋势,反应的频谱组成从较高频率向较低频率移动;双向地震作用下锯末混合土模型场地的动力变化规律与单向地震作用下较为一致。     

Interaction among fractures and stress field computation of fracture systems

ＩｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｏｎａｍｏｎｇｆｒａｃｔｕｒｅｓａｎｄｓｔｒｅｓｓｆｉｅｌｄｃｏｍｐｕｔａｔｉｏｎｏｆｆｒａｃｔｕｒｅｓｙｓｔｅｍｓＺｈｉ－ＬｉＺＨＡＮＧ（张之立）（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｐｈｙｓｉｃｓ，ＳｔａｔｅＳｅｉｓｍｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＢ...     

Effect of surface stress on magneto-elastic surface waves in finitely conducting media

This paper deals with the investigation of the effect of surface stress and conductivity on the propagation of surface wave in isotropic, homogeneous, elastic media under the action of a primary magnetic field. Formulation of the general surface wave propagation problem has been made, and the corresponding frequency equation has been derived. Frequency equations for Rayleigh wave, surface shear wave and Stoneley wave have been deduced from that of general surface wave as special cases. The effects of surface stress and magnetic field on the wave velocities and attenuation factors of Rayleigh wave and surface shear wave are shown by numerical calculations and graphs. Some important wave velocity equations, as obtained by other authors, have been deduced as special cases from the wave velocity equation for Stoneley wave. It is found that the combined effect of surface stress and magnetic field modulates the wave velocity ratios and attenuation factors of Rayleigh wave and surface shear wave to a considerable extent.     

基于GPS速度场的云南地壳应力积累特征分析

利用2009~2015年的GPS水平运动速度场数据,解算云南地区的地壳应变场,在红河断裂与曲江断裂选取两个GPS剖面,计算并分析两个断裂的应变积累特征。结果显示：1）红河、曲江、小江等多个主要断裂应变场存在张、压交替的时空演化特征,近期曲江断裂南段表现为东西向拉张,红河断裂北段东西向拉张量值较大,约12.0×10-8/a,云南南部主要表现为NNE向的压性变化;2）从GPS剖面看,红河、曲江断裂在两个方向上均显示右旋走滑与拉张的变化特征,从量值上看,红河断裂北段运动速率较大,约8.90 mm/a。     

冲湖积平原水源地的水文勘测

本文系统地阐述了冲湖积平原水源地水文勘测工作方法及要求，结合小杨庄水源地指出了水文勘测工作的重要性。     

2017-08-09新疆精河Ms6.6地震附近区域相对应变的变化分析

2017年精河M_S6.6地震震前,尼勒克、巴伦台和小泉沟台钻孔应变仪记录到显著的应变变化,经现场落实确认,异常是可靠的。根据这3个台的记录资料计算相对应变的变化,结果表明,地震前最大（小）主应变大小和方向分别出现明显加速和急剧偏转变化。此外还发现,相对应变场异常期间主方向与震源机制解P轴方位较为一致。     

On the interaction of internal gravity waves with a magnetic field – I. Artificial wave forcing

We present results from numerical simulations of the interaction of internal gravity waves (IGW) with a magnetic field. In accordance with the dispersion relation governing IGW in the presence of magnetism and rotation, when the IGW frequency is approximately that of the Alfvén frequency, strong reflection of the wave occurs. Such strong reflection markedly changes the angular momentum transport properties of the waves. In these simple models a strong, time-independent shear layer develops, in contrast to the oscillating shear layer that develops in the purely hydrodynamic case.     

Determination of S-wave velocity structure using microtremors and spac method applied in Thessaloniki (Greece)

Array measurements of microtremors at 16 sites in the city of Thessaloniki were performed to estimate the V_s velocity of soil formations for site effect analysis. The spatial autocorrelation method was used to determine phase velocity dispersion curves in the frequency range from 0.8–1.5 to 6–7 Hz. A Rayleigh wave inversion technique (stochastic method) was subsequently applied to determine the Vs profiles at all the examined sites. The determination of V_s profiles reached a depth of 320 m. Comparisons with V_s values from cross-hole tests at the same sites proved the reliability of the SPAC method. The accuracy of the V_s profiles, the ability to reach large penetration depths in densely populated urban areas and its low cost compared to conventional geophysical prospecting, make Mictrotremor Exploration Method very attractive and useful for microzonation and site effects studies. An example of its application for the site characterization in Thessaloniki is presented herein.     

MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF KARST DEPRESSIONS ON A MEDITERRANEAN KARST MASSIF

Dolines are the most typical landform in karst landscapes. They play an important role in karst hydrogeology; they are effective sediment traps that provide information about past climates and karst evolution, and can also be indicators of tectonic activity. The morphometic analysis of those depressions can help in their study and interpretation. However, detailed identification and delineation of dolines becomes increasingly difficult when the study area is very large, of limited access or covered by vegetation. Here, we have used a method developed by the authors for automatic identification and delineation of karst depressions based on the use of a pit removal algorithm. Next a complete morphometric analysis of the karst depressions has been carried out. The main advantage of the methodology is that by delineating and identifying the depth of each doline from its rim, many morphometric statistics can be obtained, including the relation of doline depth and area with respect to altitude, the main doline orientations, doline density, the fractal dimension of doline area and frequency, and point field analysis, among others. The results are interpreted from a geomorphological point of view and the mapped dolines can be easily integrated into geomorphological mapping. A case study is presented from the large Sierra Gorda karst massif in southern Spain, where 3100 depressions have been identified. A strong structural control of doline shape and orientation is demonstrated; the main areas of doline density are highlighted and doline size is shown to follow a fractal law.