应急场景快速制图及地图信息传输

当前,应急响应范式已经由“预测-应对”转变为“情景-应对”,应急地图作为应急测绘地理信息保障服务的重要内容,其制图方式也应该有所改变。本文介绍了突发事件情景及地理场景的定义,指出地理场景是各情景要素存在或发生的物理空间,同时也是应急地图表达的对象;论述了应急场景快速制图的基本原理及该制图模式具有的4个主要特点;将传统的地图信息传输理论与新应急响应范式相结合,提出了应急场景快速制图模式下的地图信息传输模型,详细论述了模型中空间信息的传输过程,并分析了该过程中影响信息传输效率的地图发送端和接收端的空间认知。     

Weighting the Effects of Spatial Cognition and Activity Anchors on Time–Space Activity

Many elements are known to affect the decision-making procedures that underlie time–space activity patterns. Yet, knowledge regarding the relations between these elements is lacking. In this article, a hierarchical structure of external and cognitive time–space behavioral influences is proposed based on the results of a field experiment. The experiment relied on an in situ sampling of stated and overt behaviors of visitors to a touristic site in northern Israel, using questionnaires and Global Positioning System loggers. Two experimental treatments were simultaneously applied during sampling, dividing the sample into four groups: Each participant received on entry one of two maps, designed according to different cartographical–cognitive approaches; new activity stations were placed during half of the sampling days, meaning that each participant was exposed to one of two possible spatial layouts. The behavioral patterns recorded expose each treatment's distinct behavioral effect along with its relative weight within the decision-making process, thus pointing toward a hierarchical structure.     

具身实践下的地方认知:非表征理论与南京马拉松

以2016南京马拉松为例,从非表征理论出发,调查跑者身体在时空间中的具身实践,分析身体的瞬间潜力如何与生命经历共同作用于个体对地方的认知。研究发现：具身实践下的地方认知是运动与感觉的产物,它与自我认知相继出现、相互促成,并呈现为褶皱式渗透、交错过程;情感在实践的当下时刻作用于身体,造成瞬间的身体强度变化和心理情绪波动,影响个体对地方的认知能力;瞬间触发的地方认知以原先身体经验为基础,并为将来的实践与认知提供新的原料。研究借助马拉松这一极限运动,详细刻画情感触发所建构的身体-空间关系,强调具身实践中瞬间与经验的辨证关系及二者共同作用下的地方认知,丰富有关身体与地方的地理学研究。     

关于冰臼形成与保存机理认识上的几个误区

关于冰臼的形成与保存机理认识上的误区,主要包括冰臼三种生成模式：冰川压融水－－水刀切割模式、水应力集中一点模式、滴水穿石模式等,以及冰臼能保存至今的三论：花岗岩抗蚀论,与旧石器比较论,冰碛物覆盖论。文中认为争流漩涡模式和瀑布模式是壶穴、冰臼生成的模式;揭西石肝溪所谓平缓基岩冰床,其实是该Ｖ形谷底宽１０￣３０ｍ的花岗岩边滩,河床中所谓冰川漂跞,其实中山洪和块体运动带来的本流域大漂石,所为漂砾碛及石海     

名山研究的行为地理学解释——以北雁荡山为例

从人文地理学角度对名山进行研究,运用行为地理学中环境感应和环境认知的思想和方法,以人山之间的相互关系为基本研究对象,探求名山形成规律。通过对南北朝至明清时期处于我国浙东南的北雁荡山进行剖析和考证,指出雁荡山的发展经历了隋唐以前的边缘接触期、唐代的开山期、宋代的兴盛期、明清的稳定发展期这四个主要阶段,并认为北雁荡山作为名山的内在本质在于其可居可游性而非传统意义上所理解的佛教名山。旨在通过对这种演化过程的探讨,为我国名山研究提供一种可供参考的思路。     

移动地图的自适应模型研究

作为一种新的电子地图应用模式,移动地图的制图模型和应用模式都不同于其他类型的地图。在分析移动地图特点的基础上给出移动地图自适应要素的数据模型与组件结构,将自适应要素划分为时空要素、操作要素、技术要素、信息要素、用户要素以及使用环境要素等。移动地图自适应模型的研究可以指导移动地图的设计,实现其服务的个性化和智能化。     

The Effects of Prior Knowledge on the Learning of Categories of Maps

The purpose of this study is to answer several important questions concerning the learning of categories of geographic information from maps. Categorization is a fundamental part of both learning and communication, and learning and communication are, in turn, central to any field of study. If categorization is a fundamental part of the learning process, then how people categorize information learned from maps must be of concern to cartographers and geographers. This study examines map reader categorization by having subjects in an experimental situation learn categories of maps. The primary variables in this study are the coherence of the categories and the duration of exposure to the categories. It was found that coherent categories cause subjects to rely on prior knowledge. The ability to use prior knowledge allows subjects to learn categories quickly, but it also causes them to make inaccurate assumptions about the category membership. This finding was not altered when subjects were given longer exposures to the category membership.     

Book Reviews

John C. Allen and Don A. Dillman. Against all Odds: Rural Community in the Information Age Richard M. Auty. Patterns of Development: Resources, Policy, and Economic Growth David Bell and Gill Valentine, eds. Mapping Desire: Geographies of Sexualities Joseph K. Berry. Spatial Reasoning for Effective GIS Matthew S. Carroll. Community and the Northwestern Logger Kam Wing Chan. Cities with Invisible Walls: Reinterpreting Urbanization in Post-1949 China Nora Federici, Karen Oppenheim Mason and Solvi Sogner, eds. Women's Position and Demographic Change Stephen Graham and Simon Marvin. Telecommunications and the City: Electronic Spaces, Urban Places Costis Hadjimichalis and David Sadler, eds. Europ at the Margins: New Mosaics of Inequality Sally Hardy, Mark Hart, Louis Albrechts and Anastasios Katos, eds. An Enlarged Europe: Regions in Competition Chiao-Min Hsieh and Jean Kan Hsieh. China: A Provincial Atlas Douglas L. Johnson and Laurence A. Lewis. Land Degradation: Creation and Desctruction Mark Luccarelli. Lewis Mumford and the Ecological Region: The Politics of Planning Bruce Mitchell, ed. Resource and Environmental Management in Canada: Addressing Conflict and Uncertainty C. J. L. Murray and A. D. Lopez, eds. Global Comparitive Assessments in the Health Sector: Disease Burden, Expenditures and Information Packages Martin O'Connor. ed. Is Capitalism Sustainable? Political Economy and the Politics of Ecology Harlan J. Onsrud and Gerald Rushton, eds. Sharing Geographic Information Peter Preston and Paul Simpson-Housley, eds. Writing the City: Eden, Babylon and the New Jerusalem N. C. Saxena and Vishwa Ballabh. Farm Forestry in East Asia Alvin Y. So and Stephen W. K. Chiu. East Asia and the World Economy Will D. Swearingen and Abdellatif Bencherifa, eds. the North African Environment at Risk Diane L. Wolf, ed. Feminist Dilemmas in Fieldwork Charles I. Zinser. Outdoor Recreation: United States National Parks, Forests, and Public Lands     

地图空间关系认知元素分析

分析了目前地图空间认知的几种理论研究。从地图学史的角度出发,应用几幅著名的中外古地图,指出符号、注记以及空间拓扑关系在地图发展变化中的不变性,认为这3种元素构成了地图空间关系认知的基本元素,并分析了这3种元素在地图空间关系构建方面所起的作用。最后提出了在网络环境下,这3种元素在大众制图中的指导意义。     

关于循环法应用的几点认识

依据含水层水文地质条件和地下水动力学原理推导出循环法的水氡观测值同时间关系公式 ,阐述应用循环法观测的几点认识。