基于高清遥感影像辅助绘制大中比例尺地形图

通过Bigmap下载Google Earth高清卫星遥感影像,在影像上选取像控点并实地采集其坐标值,利用新疆基础地理信息数据坐标转换系统对影像进行几何纠正,最后通过影像与AutoCAD的套合叠加结合实地采集到的野外高程数据,完成影像图的矢量化。由于影像的获取较为方便,精确纠正后用于辅助地形图的绘制可以大大提高成图准确性,降低野外劳动强度,提高工作效率。     

SuperMap在日本防灾建设上的典型应用

以日本防灾建设为背景,介绍了SuperMap在日本防灾信息系统开发中的几个典型应用,主要包括灾害地图门户网站、家物倒坏危险区域瓦片制作工具群、洪水推定区域地图数据下载网站、落石防灾管理系统和浸水模拟检索系统.     

中西方地图与地图学史比较研究

地图与地图学史研究有助于了解发展规律,探索学科发展方向。本文以中西方地图、地图学史为研究对象,依时间顺序提出中西方地图、地图学发展中的3次互补,结合历史史例予以说明;通过比较分析法,探索分析3次互补融合程度,结合学科前沿,对地图与地图学发展提出合理预测,推断第4次互补发生的可能。     

基于HOT影像优化的遥感影像去雾算法

针对BSHTI和IBSHTI两种算法对卫星影像云雾校正后,地表的色调和纹理等细节缺失严重的问题,提出OIBSHTI算法对IBSHTI算法得出的雾厚度图像进行地表信息削减。通过填洼算法去除暗色区域,并引入纹理和边缘信息等进行优化处理,在彻底去除云雾的同时保留地表的色调和纹理,特别是蓝色或红色建筑物房顶的校正效果较为明显。     

登陆热带气旋降水预报研究回顾与展望

重点围绕登陆热带气旋（LTC）降水预报研究进行了回顾和总结,指出针对LTC降水有三类预报技术：动力模式、统计方法和动力-统计结合的预报方法。以数值天气预报（NWP）模式为代表的预报技术对LTC降水的预报能力仍然非常有限。改进NWP模式预报误差的途径主要有两条：一是发展NWP模式;二是发展动力-统计结合的方法。分析表明,动力-统计相似预报是一项很有潜力的技术;针对现有研究中的不足,开展LTC降水动力-统计相似预报研究,探索减小数值模式LTC降水预报误差的有效方法,将是一个充满希望的研究领域和方向。     

Map-Reading Skill Development with 3D Technologies

Landforms often are represented on maps using abstract cartographic techniques that the reader must interpret for successful three-dimensional terrain visualization. New technologies in 3D landscape representation, both digital and tangible, offer the opportunity to visualize terrain in new ways. The results of a university student workshop, in which traditional 2D versus 3D digital and tangible models were tested, suggest that map-reading skill development is greater when using the 3D technologies.     

Major forest changes and land cover transitions based on plant functional types derived from the ESA CCI Land Cover product

Land use and land cover change are of prime concern due to their impacts on CO₂ emissions, climate change and ecological services. New global land cover products at 300 m resolution from the European Space Agency (ESA) Climate Change Initiative Land Cover (CCI LC) project for epochs centered around 2000, 2005 and 2010 were analyzed to investigate forest area change and land cover transitions. Plant functional types (PFTs) fractions were derived from these land cover products according to a conversion table. The gross global forest loss between 2000 and 2010 is 172,171 km², accounting for 0.6% of the global forest area in year 2000. The forest changes are mainly distributed in tropical areas such as Brazil and Indonesia. Forest gains were only observed between 2005 and 2010 with a global area of 9844 km², mostly from crops in Southeast Asia and South America. The predominant PFT transition is deforestation from forest to crop, accounting for four-fifths of the total increase of cropland area between 2000 and 2010. The transitions from forest to bare soil, shrub, and grass also contributed strongly to the total areal change in PFTs. Different PFT transition matrices and composition patterns were found in different regions. The highest fractions of forest to bare soil transitions were found in the United States and Canada, reflecting forest management practices. Most of the degradation from grassland and shrubland to bare soil occurred in boreal regions. The areal percentage of forest loss and land cover transitions generally decreased from 2000–2005 to 2005–2010. Different data sources and uncertainty in the conversion factors (converting from original LC classes to PFTs) contribute to the discrepancy in the values of change in absolute forest area.     

地球格网化剖分及其度量问题

地球剖分网格(或全球位置定位框架)系一种科学简明的空间参考系统,是地球信息数据的离散化、准确化、系统化的表现,这是地理信息科学和数字地球中重要的基础性问题,是全部地理计算的源头和归宿。近年来,随着GPS、北斗等卫星系统日趋发展和全球化应用,此相关于全球三维位置准确性、度量和全部空间分析准确性等基础问题受到人们高度重视。本文首先针对多年来地球剖分网格研究的进展和不足,提出和分析了网格数据的质量的若干问题,即剖分的完整性、逻辑一致性、准确度和一些相关问题;然后面向剖分中的定位和度量,指出了剖分对象及其度量空间特征,剖析了"3维结构及厘米级准确度"的革命性需求将对GIS体系和剖分科技体系发展产生重大的影响;接着,着重指出地球剖分的椭球三维途径的主体和剖分途径,论述了加强剖分基础理论阐述的内容和意义,并介绍了地图代数在地球剖分基础对象、椭球三维剖分和理论途径和相应试验。最后,课题组认为椭球型、(B,L,H)三组正交曲面剖分是地球剖分工作的正确途径,建议大力强化剖分理论基础研究,发展和完善剖分的标准体系,迅速创建地球剖分试验平台。     

城市基本比例尺地形图动态联动更新机制

随着测绘技术的发展,城市基本比例尺地形图更新方法也越来越多样化。文中在总结分析国内基本比例尺地形图更新情况的基础上,通过对顺德现有的地形图动态更新机制的完善,提出一种基本比例尺地形图动态联动更新机制,并经实用证明效果良好。     

基于模板的位置地图表达运行机制研究

对位置地图表达模板及表达约束条件进行分析研究,初步设计基于模板的位置地图表达框架。在顾及用户背景信息、地图显示载体信息、情境信息的综合作用下,通过对情境信息进行解析和推理,建立不同地图叠加要素与位置地图要素表达模板的映射关系,并对位置地图表达的触发原理、触发判断和运行机制进行分析研究。