绘制透视立体图的一种方法

本文对利用以规则格网表示的地面数字高程模型绘制透视立体图的方法进行了讨论,以透视原理为基础计算出模型点对应的变换点坐标。在分析过去采用的单方向处理隐藏线的方法基础上,提出了双方向处理隐藏线的方法,并应用该方法绘制出了透视立体图。     

地图投影系统进一步补充的可能性——关于多圆柱投影

本文指出了地图投影分类系统中还有若干“空白”有补充的必要和可能,并以多圆柱投影为例,阐述了它的建立原理,用三个实例说明了多圆柱投影的建立过程。作者认为补充这一类投影既使地图投影分类得到进一步充实,同时对教学活动也有积极意义。     

模糊综合评判及地形图质量的评定

本文根据模糊综合评判的原理,提出了用多级综合评判的数学模型研究地形图质量的评定问题,根据国家用图的不同需要,提出了三种具体的数学模型,並通过实例对这三种模型的实用性和有效性进行了比较,指出模型(3)是地形图质量评判的基本模型。     

综合利用测井曲线研究沉积特征及绘制小层岩相图

油水流动的基本单元是单砂层,而单砂层的分布取决于沉积环境,因此合理开发油气田,必须研究小层沉积相。其研究步骤:①从岩芯井着手,观察岩性、韵律、粒序、沉积构造、粒度分布特征和古生物相等,综合判定亚相;②建立小层各亚相的组合测井曲线标准图版,将各井的组合测井曲线与其对比、定相;③绘制小层岩相剖面图、等厚图及平面相带分布图;④分析图件,对沉积环境演化进行探讨。     

地图信息含量的量测研究

本文介绍了地图信息量的量测方法。地图的信息可分为直接信息和间接信息。地图的直接信息来自现有的特征和图形,其中包括位置、注记、语义和色彩四种信息。间接信息不是来自符号本身,要通过分析间接获得。作者利用信息论的原理对地图上的这几种信息的量测法进行了探讨。     

铀矿区化探资料计算机处理及成图

铀矿区化探资料计算机处理及其彩色等值图绘制软件,是应用了测量学、函数逼近论和计算机绘图等学科的有关理论完成的。绘图工作是在超级小型机PE-3230和静电彩色绘图仪ECP-42上进行的。根据需要,目前已开发了绘制1:20万和1:5万二种比例尺标准图幅的软件。当用户给出测区左下角的经纬度值后,本程序便能自动进行图廓整饰自动化(绘出方里网并写出其经纬度值)。在绘制彩色图时,由于应用了保凸拟合方法,使得图形色区各边界的一阶导数连续可微,从而达到边界线光滑的要求。图件的图名、接图表及其它注释均用中文标出。     

岩石颗粒度测量方法的研究及其应用

本文介绍了三种不同岩石颗粒度的测量方法,点计法,线计法,带计法及两种不同计算程序。颗粒度测量结果研究表明三种不同测量方法及两种不同计算程序之间存在着差別,其中结合野外的实例,其应用结果带计法为最好,线段长度百分比要比颗粒的频率百分比计算程序要好,前者能较客观地反映颗粒的实际搬运时水介质动力条件和沉积物的沉积环境。     

Distribution of thermal areas on an active lava flow field: Landsat observations of Kilauea,Hawaii, July 1991

A Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) image acquired on 23 July 1991 recorded widespread activity associated with the Episode 48 of the Pu'u 'O'o-Kupaianaha eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. The scene contains a very large number (>3500) of thermally elevated near infrared (0.8–2.35 m) pixels (each 900 m²), which enable the spatial distribution of volcanic activity to be identified. This activity includes a lava lake within Pu'u 'O'o cone, an active lava tube system (7.9 km in length) with skylights between the Kupaianaha lava shield and several ocean entry points, and extensive active surface flows (total area of 1.3 km²) within a much larger area of cooling flows (total16 km²). The production of an average flux density map from the TM data of the flow field, wherein the average flux density is defined in units of Wm^-2, allows for the chronology of emplacement of active and cooling flows to be determined. The flux density map reveals that there were at least three breakouts (>5000 Wm^-2) feeding active flows, but on the day that the data were collected the TM recorded a waning phase of surface activity in this area, based on the relatively large amount of intermediate power-emitting (cooling) flows compared to high power-emitting (active) flows. The production of a comparable flux density map for future eruptions would aid in the assessment of volcanic hazards if the data were available in near-real time.     

Advances in travel geometry and urban modelling

Urban travel geometry is a generalization of patterns of movement in cities and regions where route configuration and prevailing traffic speeds constrain or direct movement in distinctive and repeatable patterns. In this paper we use these properties to construct time surfaces on which distance equates to the time of travel in the urban plane. Such surfaces can be two- or three-dimensional and are useful in the study of urban structure, locational analysis, transport planning and traffic management. A particular niche addressed in this paper is non-conformal time surface transformations in which speed or the cost of travel is constrained according to co-ordinate directions. It is argued that such models may be more suited to gridded and orbital-radial cities than previously used conformal transformations. After explaining the rationale behind the approach, a mathematical basis is developed and several calibrated examples are provided based on regions in the UK. The paper concludes with some examples of potential applications, and an annex provides a detailed mathematical framework. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

新版《南极洲全图》的设计特点

从新版《南极洲全图》的数据获取和数学基础,遥感影像的校正方法,在CorelDraw下的数据处理以及地图的色彩设计等方面,探讨了基于彩色地图桌面出版系统生产超大幅面、多源信息集成地图的技术方法。