地理信息可视化中的二元方法论

作为一种方法论的探索,以二元分析为基本方法,初步探讨和形成了地理信息可视化二元概念模型 ,力求构建一个简单的、易于被人们理解和接受的地理信息可视化理论框架。文章首先从地理学、语言学、哲学等方面阐述了二元方法论的理论基础,然后以符号语言学为范式,从地理信息可视化的所指与能指两个方面展开,阐述地理信息可视化二元方法论的主要内容;最后得出结论。研究表明:①地理信息具有二元性,它包括时间与空间二元 、瞬时与历时二元、空间几何与空间属性二元、定性与定量二元;②地图设计也具有二元性,它们是地图整体样式与个体符号二元、符号外观与内在二元、形状与尺寸二元、色彩与纹理二元。     

一种抗数据压缩的矢量地图数据数字水印算法

基于矢量地图数据特点,提出了一种抗数据压缩的矢量地图数据数字水印算法,即在嵌入水印信息之前对数据进行道格拉斯-普克法压缩,然后在特征点中嵌入水印信息.实验分析表明,提出的水印算法在抗数据压缩方面具有较好的效果.     

Use of local and global maps of forest canopy height and aboveground biomass to enhance local estimates of biomass in miombo woodlands in Tanzania

Field surveys are often a primary source of aboveground biomass (AGB) data, but plot-based estimates of parameters related to AGB are often not sufficiently precise, particularly not in tropical countries. Remotely sensed data may complement field data and thus help to increase the precision of estimates and circumvent some of the problems with missing sample observations in inaccessible areas. Here, we report the results of a study conducted in a 15,867 km² area in the dry miombo woodlands of Tanzania, to quantify the contribution of existing canopy height and biomass maps to improving the precision of canopy height and AGB estimates locally. A local and a global height map and three global biomass maps, and a probability sample of 513 inventory plots were subject to analysis. Model-assisted sampling estimators were used to estimate mean height and AGB across the study area using the original maps and then with the maps calibrated with local inventory plots. Large systematic map errors – positive or negative – were found for all the maps, with systematic errors as great as 60–70 %. The maps contributed nothing or even negatively to the precision of mean height and mean AGB estimates. However, after being calibrated locally, the maps contributed substantially to increasing the precision of both mean height and mean AGB estimates, with relative efficiencies (variance of the field-based estimates relative to the variance of the map-assisted estimates) of 1.3–2.7 for the overall estimates. The study, although focused on a relatively small area of dry tropical forests, illustrates the potential strengths and weaknesses of existing global forest height and biomass maps based on remotely sensed data and universal prediction models. Our results suggest that the use of regional or local inventory data for calibration can substantially increase the precision of map-based estimates and their applications in assessing forest carbon stocks for emission reduction programs and policy and financial decisions.     

移动AR+VR支持下旅游GIS系统的设计与实现

随着云计算、物联网、移动通信、移动互联网等技术的发展,研发智能化、多维度、全方位的旅游管理信息系统,已成为旅游信息化的发展趋势。本文以青岛八大关为例,综合利用基于位置与多传感器的跟踪注册技术、瓦片地图技术、三维景观地图技术和移动增强现实系统虚实叠加技术,研究并实现了面向旅游业的移动化、信息化、智能化、个性化的智能旅游服务系统,为游客提供认知周围景观的全新视角,获得全新的交互体验。系统包括三维景观地图、虚拟漫游、路线导航、环境识别、历史建筑查询、热力图显示、好友足迹、个人轨迹、微信分享等功能模块,游客在享受旅途的同时可以获得更加智能便捷的服务。     

一种新的地图数据检索方法及其应用软件

本文提出了一种新的实用地图数据检索方法——“放大镜”式地图数据检索,建立了相应的软件系统,并讨论了该方法的数学基础、软件的特点,还给出了应用实例。     

融合三边测量和PDR的室内定位关键技术分析及应用

随着无线室内定位技术的发展,室内定位效果有了明显提升,但仅采用无线定位方法,定位点跳动频繁,定位效果较差,难以获取连续位置的准确定位。实际应用中不同的硬件平台也会影响具体定位方法的选择,通常需采用多种技术手段的组合以达到理想定位效果。本文基于微信公众平台的服务需要,提出了一种基于三边测量定位和步行者航位推算（PDR）融合的室内定位方法,通过地图信息匹配纠正定位结果,得到连续稳定的定位结果;并集成室内地图可视化技术,研发了一套基于微信平台的三维室内定位系统,在实际工程场景中进行应用,具有较好的定位效果。     

WebGIS研究与实现

阐述了一种WebGIS的研究思想和实现方法。通过运用C Builder开发GIS地图服务器、运用矢量标记语言(VML)结合ASP.NET实现GIS浏览器、运用Java Servlet结合Socket通讯技术解决GIS地图服务器和GIS浏览器之间信息传递,采用自定义XML作为数据交换语言,从而自主实现了WebGIS的全过程,此实现方式可用于GIS数据和其他图形数据的发布,不受限于任何商业GIS平台,具备WebGIS平台的雏形。此实现方法可以解决海量空间数据发布、图形编辑等当前WebGIS难点技术,并利用该方法成功实现了沈阳市突发性环境污染应急监测系统和辽宁省1∶10 000土地利用现状库的Web发布。     

一种新型遥感影像快速匹配算法

An iterative algorithm to calculate mutual correlation using hierarchical key points and the search space mark principle is proposed. An effective algorithm is designed to improve the matching speed. By hierarchical key point algorithm and mutual correlation coefficients of the matching images, the important points can be iteratively calculated in the images hierarchically, and the correlation coefficient can be obtained with satisfactory precision. Massive spots in the parameter space which are impossible to match can be removed by the search space mark principle. Two approximate continuities in the correlation image matching process, the image gray level distribution continuity and the correlation coefficient value in the parameter space continuity, are considered in the method. The experiments show that the new algorithm can greatly enhance matching speed and achieve accurate matching results.     

一种采用基础矩阵描述的核线影像生成方法

设计了一种采用基础矩阵的立体像对核线影像制作方法,由基础矩阵来描述影像间的相对方位关系,避免了相对定向过程中复杂的迭代过程。通过稀疏匹配获取高精度的同名点,由基础矩阵确定每组同名点对应的同名核线,根据核线必相交于核点的原理,采用最小二乘法确定左右影像的核点坐标;然后根据核点坐标完成影像间核线的快速映射,沿核线方向采用双线性内插法进行核线重采样,完成核线影像制作。采用多组影像进行核线影像制作实验,对生成的核线影像进行同名特征点提取与匹配,结果表明采用该方法制作的核线影像上下视差较小,验证了方法的有效性。