Immediate impacts of the Wenchuan Earthquake on the prices and productions of grain and pork products

Based on field survey and statistical analysis, the immediate impacts of the Wenchuan Earthquake happened on May 12, 2008, are evaluated from two aspects, i.e., the influence on the prices and yields of grain and pork products in the local region and that on China. Wenchuan Earthquake, undoubtedly, has some negative effects on the local agricultural yields in Sichuan Province. It has caused immediate impacts on the grain and livestock breeding industry in the earthquake worst-hit counties. For example, due to the earthquake, the grain yields in Sichuan Province will decreased more than 0.4% and the pork productions decrease 5% at least. Thus, prices of grain and pork products are likely to rise in local mountainous areas over a short term. Our studying results that the disaster rate, the hazard rate and the complete loss rate of grain productions are 18%, 10% and 6% respectively in the earthquake worst-hit counties, while the disaster rate in the eastern plain areas even reach to 30%-49%. Even so, the results of model analysis for sample survey indicates that Wenchuan Earthquake has caused only marginal impacts on agricultural production, does not heavily hurt the stability of the prices and yields of grain and pork products at the national level. In other words,Wenchuan Earthquake had not affected the overall situation of national agricultural production. It is estimated that the reduction rate of national grain yield is as low as 0.006%, and the price changes of grain and pork products are no more than 0.5% and 2.2% respectively.     

基于网络和档案系统 创建生产过程流程化管理

基于计算机网络平台和档案信息管理系统的过程流程化管理,是生产过程系统化管理的科学方式。以项目为核心、集勘察设计过程管理、生产运行管理、技术质量管理、档案信息管理为一体的勘察设计生产管理系统,改变了传统的粗放式管理模式,使生产管理走向精细化管理轨道,每个勘察设计项目从接受委托开始就进入管理系统,处于受控状态,直至产品交付,每一个环节在系统中都留下可供查找的信息,管理人员随时可利用相关信息和数据进行系统分析、形成分析报告,作为决策依据。新疆油田勘察设计研究院的设计流程管理系统通过近几年的运行,有效降低了设计成本和管理成本,提高了劳动生产率,其设计思想和技术方法有着广泛的实用价值和借鉴作用,该系统在勘察设计行业具有较好的推广应用前景。     

臭氧生成效率(OPE)相关研究进展

大气光化学系统的非线性特征增加了O3控制的复杂性,因此各种有助于O3控制对策制定的指标研究备受关注,臭氧生成效率(OPE)就属于这样一种指标。对OPE相关的主要研究成果进行了综述,回顾了OPE定义及计算方法的演变,总结了OPE的空间和季节变化研究结果,分析、讨论了影响OPE的几个主要因素,指出了OPE研究中存在的问题和未来需要加强的方面。我国OPE研究非常缺乏,鉴于我国城市和区域O3污染形势,建议开展多点位、长时间的OPE观测研究,并结合模式研究深化对我国O3问题的认识,寻找有效的O3控制对策。     

50年来新疆粮食增产因素的主成分分析

用主成分分析的方法研究新疆建国以来粮食增产的主要因素的贡献率。总结出新疆粮食增产不同阶段的相应特点：1949～1967年为面积推动阶段;1968～1974年为面积稳定与水利联合推动阶段;1975～1995年为单产提高与化肥联合推动阶段;1996～2001年为农机与水利联合推动阶段。由此总结出各要素的相互协调配合是粮食产量进一步提高的关键。在上述分析的基础上提出新疆粮食生产发展趋势是提高单产;大力发展节水农业;发展后续加工业。加快市场化进程。     

中国中部农区企业集群的竞争优势研究--以河南省虞城县南庄村钢卷尺企业集群为例

中国中部农区企业集群的竞争优势来源既具有一般企业集群的共性——它是规模经济、分工经济和网络联系三者共同作用的结果,又具有其特殊的个性——模仿创新的普遍发生、中原文化背景、制度扶持和较低的劳动力、土地等要素成本起决定作用。以河南省虞城县南庄村钢卷尺企业集群为例,详细分析了中国中部农区企业集群竞争优势的内在来源。     

计算机产业全球生产网络分析 —— 兼论其在中国大陆的发展

全球化与生产技术的发展进一步引导了社会生产组织的变革, 新的国际劳动分工深入 到产品内层次, 全球价值链和全球生产网络等开始被纳入诸多学科研究体系, 并更好地解释 了当今全球生产组织的新变化。文章首先从全球生产网络概念及研究综述入手, 探讨了计算 机产业全球生产网络的一般组织框架; 其次, 以价值链- 微笑曲线为对象对计算机产业全球 生产网络的价值分配及空间竞争性进行实证研究, 在此基础上进一步分析计算机产业全球生 产网络中的企业组织及其权力分配关系; 再次, 分析了目前中国计算机产业生产网络价值分 配结构及空间竞争性, 探讨中国大陆计算机产业融入全球生产网络的情况。     

Biological control of short-term variations in the concentration of DMSP and DMS during a Phaeocystis spring bloom

In the spring of 1995, short-term variations in the concentration of particulate and dissolved dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and dimethylsulfide (DMS) were monitored in the western Wadden Sea, a shallow coastal region in open connection with the North Sea. Significant correlations were found between abundance of Phaeocystis globosa and particulate DMSP; concentrations increased rapidly from 100 to 1650 nM in the middle of April. Highest DMS concentrations were found during the initial phase of the exponential growth of the bloom. DMS production and loss rates of DMSP and DMS were estimated experimentally during various phases of the bloom. DMS production and consumption were roughly in balance, with production only slightly exceeding consumption at the start of the bloom. Rates of production and consumption were highest during the exponential growth phase of Phaeocystis and declined in the course of the bloom (from 300–375 to less than 5 nmol dm⁻³ d⁻¹). Demethylation of DMSP increased during the bloom (from 11 to 1300 nmol dm⁻³ d⁻¹); it accounted for up to 100% of the DMSP loss at the end of the bloom. The shift from DMSP cleavage to demethylation in the course of a Phaeocystis bloom implies that DMS concentrations are not necessarily highest at the peak or towards the end of blooms.     

Spatial distribution of primary production off Sanriku, northwestern Pacific, during spring estimated by Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner (OCTS)

An algorithm to estimate primary production by chlorophylla and sea surface temperature from satellite was evaluated with primary production data from the Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner (OCTS) Sanriku field campaign. The algorithm was applied to the data of OCTS on the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite (ADEOS) off Sanriku, North Pacific, on April 26, 1997. The wavelength-, time-, and depth-resolved model reasonably estimated the chlorophyll-specific primary production of each depth and water column integrated primary production. Although the model parameters were adjusted with the photosynthesis-irradiance curves obtained in the region, the resultant primary production was not significantly different from the global model of Antoine and Morel (1996). This is probably because there is considerable variability in the physiological parameters in this limited area, off Sanriku, and in the limited time, spring. Estimated integrated primary production was well correlated with chlorophylla but not with temperature. This indicates that the temperature dependence of the primary production was less than the variability caused by chlorophylla concentration.     

The thermal structure and thickness of continental roots

We compare heat flow data from the Precambrian shields in North America and in South Africa. We also review data available in other less well-sampled Shield regions. Variations in crustal heat production account for most of the variability of the heat flow. Because of this variability, it is difficult to define a single average crustal model representative of a whole tectonic province. The average heat flow values of different Archean provinces in Canada, South Africa, Australia and India differ by significant amounts. This is also true for Proterozoic provinces. For example, the heat flow is significantly higher in the Proterozoic Namaqua–Natal Belt of South Africa than in the Grenville Province of the Canadian Shield (61 vs. 41 mW m⁻² on average). These observations indicate that it is not possible to define single value of the average heat flow for all provinces of the same crustal age. Large amplitude short wavelength variations of the heat flow suggest that most of the difference between Proterozoic and Archean heat flow is of crustal origin. In eastern Canada, there is no good correlation between the local values of heat flow and heat production. In the Archean, Proterozoic and Paleozoic provinces of eastern Canada, heat flow values through rocks with the same heat production are not significantly different. There is therefore no evidence for variations of the mantle heat flow beneath these different provinces. After removing the local crustal heat production from the surface heat flow, the mantle (Moho) heat flow was estimated to be between 10–15 mW m⁻² in the Archean, Proterozoic and Paleozoic provinces of eastern Canada. Estimates of the mantle heat flow in the Kaapvaal craton of South Africa may be slightly higher (≈17 mW m⁻²). Large-scale variations of bulk crustal heat production are well-documented in Canada and imply significant differences of deep lithospheric thermal structure. In thick lithosphere, surficial heat flow measurements record a time average of heat production in the lithospheric mantle and are not in equilibrium with the instantaneous heat production. The low mantle heat flow and current estimates of heat production in the lithospheric mantle do not support a mechanical (conductive) lithosphere thinner than 200 km and thicker than 330 km. Temperature anomalies with surrounding oceanic mantle extend to the convective boundary layer below the conductive layer, and hence to depths greater than these estimates. Mechanical and thermal stability of the lithosphere require the mantle part of the lithosphere to be chemically buoyant and depleted in radiogenic elements. Both characteristics are achieved simultaneously by partial melting and melt extraction.