Does geographic distance have a significant impact on enterprise financing costs?

Journal of Geographical Sciences - As information technology has been applied more broadly and transportation infrastructure has improved, persistent debate has existed as to the question of...     

创意再生视域宁波老工业区绅士化动力机制

绅士化成为全球各类城市更新的核心现象,受地理、城市和规划等学科关注。以宁波和丰创意广场形成为例,运用问卷调查和访谈数据,借助扎根理论和结构方程模型分别构建和验证涵盖空间生产、推拉模式和创意集群孕育在内的老工业区绅士化动力机制。研究发现：① 生成和丰创意广场的创意修复过程呈现典型绅士化现象,且该现象具有高端写字楼主导的开放性和多元景观特征,入园企业私营化、生产要素创意化和生产关系外向化的业态特征以及年轻化、情怀化、创意化和服务化的群体特征;② 和丰绅士化现象是老工业区以推拉方式形成的社会空间置换,权力、资本和创意联结而成的再生产关系主导空间实践;建筑规划师和创意阶层主导的物质性空间营造和创意实践形成空间表征;空间表征推动创意集群内生发展和演化,催化了基于文化、理想和情感体验的文化共识和身份认同,升华为表征性空间,形成了“地方元素的感性认可→资本要素和关系力量的理性约束→地方元素、资本要素和关系力量协同→关系力量的反馈”逻辑路径,激活了老工业区空间演化。③ 和丰创意集群育成取决于文化氛围、办公环境、经济区位、政府政策和社会关系网络等要素相互作用。     

基于耗散结构系统熵模型的乡村生产空间系统有序性研究

通过分析乡村生产空间系统的耗散结构特征,建立系统熵模型,运用关联熵和运行熵,从系统的主体（多元主体）、客体（地）和环境三要素入手构建指标体系,讨论系统内部结构和运行状态的有序性,并以重庆市合川区龙市镇为研究区予以实证,研究表明：研究区乡村生产空间系统关联熵先增后减,系统内部结构有序性呈现阶段性特征,2008—2011年主要受城市化无序扩张和土地利用方式低效粗放等因素影响,系统内部结构趋于混乱无序,2011—2015年主要因财政支农力度增强、农业投入产出水平提高、生态修复力度加大等因素刺激,系统内部结构逐渐趋于有序化;2008—2015年,乡村生产空间系统运行熵逐年减小,在农业综合开发投入大幅增加引起的生产条件改善、产业结构调整与提档升级等驱动下,呈现出持续有序化的发展态势;围绕乡村生产空间系统的内部结构及运行状态的演化规律,从优化土地利用结构、构建现代农业产业体系、编制和完善相关规划、培育新产业新业态入手,提出相关策略,以促进乡村生产空间系统有序健康发展。     

张家界旅游企业空间成长对城镇空间形态的影响

运用核密度估计法和标准差椭圆分析法,分析张家界旅游企业空间成长特征及演化过程;选取紧凑度指标,结合城镇空间均衡分布椭圆,分析张家界城镇空间形态演化过程;通过比较不同阶段旅游企业椭圆和城镇空间椭圆的重合面积,剖析旅游企业空间成长对城镇空间形态的影响程度。研究发现：① 张家界旅游企业空间成长过程和特征为：由出现期的“一核多极点”逐渐演变为生成期的“核心-边缘”,最后在发展期形成一个高集聚中心和三个次中心联动的“组团扩展型”格局;② 张家界建成区面积呈现增长态势,城镇空间不断扩展,建成区用地紧凑度逐渐下降;③ 不同阶段,张家界旅游企业空间成长对城镇空间形态的影响程度有一定的差异性,整体呈现出逐渐增强的趋势。研究结论对于重新认识旅游对城镇化建设的作用具有重要的现实意义。     

环境管制对佛山市污染密集型企业空间格局变化的影响——基于2004年、2008年、2013年经济普查数据的实证

以佛山市2004年、2008年和2013年3次经济普查数据库中的污染密集型企业为研究对象,采用格数据空间回归模型,研究了佛山市污染密集型企业空间格局变化特征,并探究了环境管制对污染密集型企业及不同行业的企业空间格局变化的影响。研究发现:① 环境管制严格程度的变化使其从影响企业区位变动次要因素逐渐成为推动企业空间格局变化的重要因素,说明了环境管制变化会引起其对污染密集型企业区位变动作用程度的变化。② 在城市内部尺度,地方政府权衡污染行业整治利弊后,针对不同区域不同行业制定的差异化环境管制力度和模式,形成了不同行业空间格局响应的差异。研究结果对理解环境管制影响污染行业空间格局变化提供更微观的视角,对环境管制政策实现企业更替和产业升级具有一定启示,也对政府产业和环境政策制定具有借鉴意义。     

Estimation of Grassland Production in Central and Eastern Mongolia from 2006 to 2015 via Remote Sensing

Mongolia is an important part of the Belt and Road Initiative “China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor” and a region that has been severely affected by global climate change. Changes in grassland production have had a profound impact on the sustainable development of the region. Our study explored an optimal model for estimating grassland production in Mongolia and discovered its temporal and spatial distributions. Three estimation models were established using a statistical analysis method based on EVI, MSAVI, NDVI, and PsnNet from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) remote sensing data and measured data. A model evaluation and accuracy comparison showed that an exponential model based on MSAVI was the best simulation (model accuracy 78%). This was selected to estimate the grassland production in central and eastern Mongolia from 2006 to 2015. The results show that the grassland production in the study area had a significantly fluctuating trend for the decade study; a slight overall increasing trend was observed. For the first five years, the grassland production decreased slowly, whereas in the latter five years, significant fluctuations were observed. The grassland production (per unit yield) gradually increased from the southwest to northeast. In most provinces of the study area, the production was above 1000 kg ha ^-1, with the largest production in Hentiy, at 3944.35 kg ha ^-1. The grassland production (total yield) varied greatly among the provinces, with Kent showing the highest production, 2341.76×10 ⁴ t. Results also indicate that the trend in grassland production along the China-Mongolia railway was generally consistent with that of the six provinces studied.     

Improving the prediction of extreme FPSO hawser tension,using another highly correlated hawser tension with a longer time record

The floating production storage and offloading unit (FPSO) is an offshore vessel that produces and stores crude oil prior to tanker transport. Robust prediction of extreme hawser tensions during the FPSO offloading operation is an important safety concern. Excessive hawser tension may occur during certain sea conditions, posing an operational risk. In this paper, the finite element method (FEM) software ANSYS AQWA has been employed to analyze vessel response due to hydrodynamic wave loads, acting on a specific FPSO vessel under actual sea conditions.In some practical situations, it would be useful to improve the accuracy of some statistical predictions based on a certain stochastic random process, given another synchronous highly correlated stochastic process that has been measured for a longer time, than the process of interest. In this paper, the issue of improving extreme value prediction has been addressed. In other words, an efficient transfer of information is necessary between two synchronous, highly correlated stochastic processes. Two such highly correlated FPSO hawser tension processes were simulated in order to test the efficiency of the proposed technique.     

黄渤海带鱼(Trichiurus lepturus)渔业生物学参考点估计研究

It is important to find a reliable method to estimate maximum sustainable yield(MSY) or total allowable catch(TAC) for fishery management, especially when the data availability is limited which is a case in China. A recently developed method(CMSY) is a data-poor method, which requires only catch data, resilience and exploitation history at the first and final years of the catch data. CMSY was used in this study to estimate the biological reference points for Largehead hairtail(Trichiurus lepturus, Temminck and Schlegel) in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea, based on the fishery data from China Fishery Statistical Year Books during 1986 to 2012. Additionally,Bayesian state-space Schaefer surplus production model(BSM) and the classical surplus production models(Schaefer and Fox) performed by software CEDA and ASPIC, were also projected in this study to compare with the performance of CMSY. The estimated MSYs from all models are about 19.7×104–27.0×104 t, while CMSY and BSM yielded more reasonable population parameter estimates(the intrinsic population growth rate and the carrying capacity). The biological reference points of B/BMSY smaller than 1.0, while F/FMSY higher than 1.0 revealed an over-exploitation of the fishery, indicating that more conservative management strategies are required for Largehead hairtail fishery.     

海洋生态系统净生产力研究进展

海洋生态系统净生产力 （net ecosystem production,NEP） 表示总初级生产力 （gross primary production,GPP） 和呼吸作用 （respiration,R） 过程之间的差异,它对碳收支平衡、海洋生态系统营养状态乃至气候变化等研究具有十分重要的指示意义。影响海洋 NEP 的因素有细菌、浮游生物、温度、太阳辐射、海冰融化、水团迁移、富营养有机质排放以及海水酸化等。目前计算 NEP 的方法可分为实验培养测定及数据模型计算两种。溶解氧培养法及同位素标记法等是经典的培养测定方法,但存在误差较大且重现性较差等问题。数据模型计算即借助养分质量平衡、响应面模型、O2/Ar 示踪等方法,通过将现场实测数据和生物地球化学模型结合,进行高时间分辨率的连续性观测,这也是目前测算 NEP 的主流应用手段。然而,相较于发达国家,我国在 NEP 的研究设备、技术、测定方法等方面仍存在一定差距。今后的研究重点将是建立 NEP 指标与表征海洋环境、气候变化之间的耦合关系以及 NEP 测定方法的改进,这将有助于深入理解和探索全球变化背景下海洋生态系统响应机制及变化趋势。     

基于光能利用率模型的玉米遥感估产研究

农作物长势监测和产量预测对于国家制定相关粮食政策、农业发展等都具有重要的意义,如何获得高效、宏观、精确的估产方法一直是学者关注的重点问题。以吉林省德惠市的玉米作为研究对象,利用光能利用率模型对玉米进行产量估算的研究,并且使用空间数据插值方法中的反距离权重法获得了每月平均温度数据的格网数据。通过玉米的净初级生产力NPP的累计值以及玉米的收获指数来获得最终的玉米产量值,利用验证点实测产量值与估算值的相关性和相对误差进行精度验证,相关系数R^2为0.649 9,平均相对误差值为1.676%,证明基于光能利用率模型的玉米估产在研究区具有一定的可行性。