Distribution and anomaly of microwave emission at Lunar South Pole

Investigation on Lunar polar area is almost every lunar mission’s primary objective in recent years. The rationale behind it is that illumination and ice resources in this area can be potentially very helpful for constructing lunar human base. In this paper, we analyze microwave radiometric characteristics of the Moon by using the newly acquired Chang’E-1 Lunar Microwave Sounder (CELMS) data. Microwave brightness temperature at Lunar South Pole (LSP) is distributed regularly with a style of "ring-in-ring", decreasing from equator to pole. Regolith temperature gradient is bigger at lunar equator than at polar area. Brightness temperature diurnal difference decreases with observation frequency. Microwave brightness temperature distribution maps at LSP and Lunar North Pole (LNP) have been made based on the analysis. It is found that microwave brightness temperature becomes to synchronize with elevation beyond -85° latitude. This phenomenon is related to lightening condition and indicates temperature distribution at LSP. The brightness temperature anomaly cold points are potentially cold trap areas for water or ice while hot points imply plenty of illumination resources there.     

简化接触模型的月壤离散元数值分析

根据月壤其颗粒级配可归类于粉质砂土。针对真实月壤所处的环境（无水、低重力场、低气压等）,将Perko等2001年提出的月壤颗粒间的范德华力植入离散元分析软件PFC2D中,模拟了刚性边界下加入该模型与未加该模型试样的双轴压缩试验,研究了颗粒间范德华力对试样的宏观力学特性与微观颗粒接触的影响。结果表明,颗粒间的范德华力对试样的抗剪强度、体应变以及颗粒平均配位数都有显著的影响     

我国探月工程可采用的一种月球钻探取样方法的初步分析

美国和前苏联已完成的月球取样方法分别是载人登月取样和地面遥控取样钻机取样。基于美国和前苏联的方法,提出了一种可供我国嫦娥工程选用的月壤钻探取样方案,即用遥控取样钻机,配备硬质合金钻头、空心螺旋钻具,采用振动-回转钻进工艺。在高真空和低重力条件下,可选用空心螺旋钻具来解决排屑和钻压问题。顺利排屑的基本条件为钻具的螺旋升角应小于月壤与钻具之间的摩擦角、钻具的回转速度应大于临界转速。通过分析计算可知在月球上采用外螺旋钻具时,临界转速比在地球上要小得多,因此在获得同样的回转力矩条件下可匹配较小功率的电动机。     

南极MIL 090070月球陨石的岩石矿物学特征

MIL 090070陨石是2009年美国南极陨石搜寻项目(ANSMET)在南极横断山脉米勒山区(Miller Range)发现的一块月球陨石,属于斜长岩质月表角砾岩。它具有典型的碎屑结构,主要由岩屑、晶屑、玻屑和细粒基质组成。岩屑以复合斜长岩质岩屑和斜长岩岩屑为主,其次为辉长岩质斜长岩岩屑、辉长岩岩屑、辉长苏长岩岩屑、辉长岩质橄长岩岩屑和橄榄辉长岩岩屑等。晶屑有普通辉石、易变辉石、斜长石、尖晶石、石英和钛铁矿等矿物。玻屑主要为斜长石质的玻屑,呈细长或弯曲条状,多具裂纹。MIL 090070陨石的矿物组成主要为斜长石（86 vol%,An92—99）、橄榄石（6 vol%,Fo53—89）、辉石（7 vol%,En25—83Fs7—43Wo2—45）,以及少量的尖晶石、钛铁矿和石英等;其中,辉石有单斜辉石和斜方辉石二种。MIL 090070陨石中橄榄石和辉石的Fe-Mn值分布明显不同于地球、火星、金星和小行星的样品,基本落在月球岩石范围。MIL 090070陨石在多期次冲击和胶结作用下,岩屑的矿物成分和粒度不断变化,岩屑类型更多样,更复杂。基于MIL 090070陨石的岩石矿物学特征、碎屑类型及结构的特征等研究,可以进一步丰富我们对月球物质的形成及月岩—月壤演化过程的认识。     

月海盆地线性构造展布及其成因分析

综合多源遥感数据识别提取月球正面南北纬50°之间的线性构造,重点分析月岭和月溪的影像特征、分布规律和时空关系,结合月海沉降模型分析两者的成因机制,结合地形和重力场数据预测影响月岭类型的因素。研究表明,在质量瘤盆地,月岭和月溪存在明显的时空关系和构造成因联系,两者主要由月海沉降产生的局部应力引起,前月海时期盆地的均衡状态和月海充填的几何形状可能影响了月岭的分布类型。     

Noble Gas Diffusion Mechanism in Lunar Soil Simulant Grains:Results from ~4He~+ Implantation and Extraction Experiments

Experiments on ion implantation were performed in order to better characterize diffusion of noble gases in lunar soil.4He+ at 50 keV with 5×1016 ions/cm2 was implanted into lunar simulants and crystal ilmenite.Helium in the samples was released by stepwise heating experiments.Based on the data,we calculated the helium diffusion coefficient and activation energy.Lunar simulants display similar 4He release patterns in curve shape as lunar soil,but release temperatures are a little lower.This is probably a con...     

Noise reduction methods in the analysis of near infrared lunar occultation light curves for high angular resolution measurements

A lunar occultation （LO） technique in the near-infrared （NIR） provides angular resolution down to milliarcseconds for an occulted source, even with ground- based 1 m class telescopes. LO observations are limited to brighter objects because they require a high signal-to-noise ratio （S/N ~40） for proper extraction of angular diameter values. Hence, methods to improve the S/N ratio by reducing noise using Fourier and wavelet transforms have been explored in this study. A sample of 54 NIR LO light curves observed with the IR camera at Mt Abu Observatory has been used. It is seen that both Fourier and wavelet methods have shown an improvement in S/N compared to the original data. However, the application of wavelet transforms causes a slight smoothing of the fringes and results in a higher value for angular diameter. Fourier transforms which reduce discrete noise frequencies do not distort the fringe. The Fourier transform method seems to be effective in improving the S/N, as well as improving the model fit, particularly in the fainter regime of our sample. These methods also provide a better model fit for brighter sources in some cases, though there may not be a significant imorovement in S/N.     

用于月面车辆力学试验的模拟月壤研究

研究月面环境下的车辆地面力学,对保证月球探测车辆的正常工作具有重要意义,而用于月面车辆力学试验的模拟月壤则影响其结果的准确度与可信度。用于月面车辆力学试验的模拟月壤,以月壤样本与JSC-1模拟月壤为参考标准,以吉林辉南县火山灰为主要原料、赤铁矿砂为辅料,通过调整试样的粒径分布与赤铁矿砂含量,使模拟月壤的比重、内摩擦角、凝聚力、承压特性、粒径分布、颗粒形态、矿物组成等参数接近JSC-1模拟月壤,并在月壤样本的参数变化范围之内,表明该模拟月壤可用于月面车辆力学试验研究。     

陨石的矿物-岩石学特征及其分类

根据陨石的矿物岩石学特征、化学组成及结构可划分为球粒陨石及非球粒陨石质陨石两大类。球粒陨石进一步划分为碳质球粒陨石族(CI,CM,CO,CR,CB,CH,CV及CK球粒陨石)、普通球粒陨石族(H,L,LL球粒陨石)、顽辉石球粒陨石族(EH及EL球粒陨石)、R及K球粒陨石群,而非球粒陨石质陨石进一步划分为原始的无球粒陨石族(Acpulcoites,Lodranites,Wi nonaites,IAB硅酸盐包体及IIICD硅酸盐包体)和分异的陨石族。分异的陨石族包括:无球粒陨石(Angrites,Aubrites,Branchinites,橄辉无球粒陨石,HED灶神星陨石,SNCO火星陨石及月球陨石);石铁陨石(中铁陨石及橄榄陨铁);铁陨石(IAB,IC,IIAB,IIC,IID,IIE,IIIAB,IIICD,IIIE,II IF,IVA及IVB铁陨石化学群)。每一陨石族或陨石群,具有类似的成因或形成历史,并来自同一小行星体或行星体,藉此可建立不同陨石族或陨石群之间的成因联系,并可提供早期太阳星云的物理化学条件及其演化的信息。     

硼同位素及其地质应用研究

硼的两个稳定同位素（10B 和11B）相对质量差较大,因此,硼同位 素分馏较显著。由于分析测量技术方面的改进和创新, 硼同位素地球化学近年来有了长足 的发展。业已查明,自然界中δ11B值变化为 －37‰～+58‰。其中,较负的 δ11B值见于非海相蒸发硼酸盐矿物和某些电气石,而较正的δ11B值见 于某些盐湖卤水和蒸发海水。现代大洋水的δ11B值十分恒定 (+39,5‰)。原始 地幔的δ11B值估测为－10‰±2‰。陨石的δ11B值很不均一,变化 可达90‰。而月岩的δ11B值变化较小（－6‰～+4‰）。由于硼同位素存在大的 分馏和不同地质体中截然不同的δ11B值,硼同位素地质应用范围十分广泛。目 前,硼同位素在研究星云形成过程和宇宙事件,壳-幔演化和板块俯冲作用过程,判别沉积 环境,研究矿床成因,示踪古海洋和古气候条件,和判断环境污染源区等方面的研究中成效显著。