带电月尘活动对月球磁场的影响

本文介绍了基于月尘扬起机制的"动态喷泉模型",分析了月尘扬起的过程;最后提出了"带电月尘活动电磁感应模型",计算得到月面明暗交界处带电月尘活动产生的感应磁场强度小于0.0064nT.本文证明带电月尘的活动对月球磁场的影响微小,可以忽略.     

月球物质的Re-Os同位素组成研究：对月球后期增生历史的指示

Re-Os同位素体系是理解月球强亲铁元素的分布规律和示踪月球的后期增生历史的重要手段。目前人们对月球物质Re-Os同位素成分的了解还是十分有限的,已有的Re-Os同位素数据显示一些能代表月幔成分特征的月海玄武岩具有很低的Re和Os的浓度,以及类似于球粒陨石的187Os／188Os成分特征,而月球火山玻璃和月壤等表现出相对高的Re-Os丰度和相对富放射成因Re-Os同位素成分。一般认为月球月幔的Re、0s和其他强亲铁元素相对球粒陨石是非常亏损的,而地球地幔则具有相对较高的强亲铁元素丰度（0．008倍CI球粒陨石的丰度）。新的Re-Os同位素结果证明月幔确实是亏损的,但是月球和地球在太阳系演化的较晚时期都有外来的球粒陨石物质的大量加入,即后期增生（late accretion）过程,导致了月球和地球上部物质（如月球火山玻璃、月壤等）相对地富集Os同位素和强亲铁元素,这些外来物质的后期增生可能是长期和持续的,增生过程主要发生在3．9～4．4Ga。但目前仍不清楚后期增生的陨石物质是被逐渐加入的,还是在一个相对较短的时期大量加入的,因此尚需对更多的月球物质做进一步的Re-Os同位素和强亲铁元素成分的研究。     

一块新发现的月球陨石NWA 12279的岩石矿物学、源区和冲击变质作用

NWA 12279为2016年发现的一块斜长岩质月球陨石,由86%的斜长岩和14%的冲击熔融角砾岩组成。斜长岩具嵌晶结构,矿物组成主要为斜长石(70. 6%)、橄榄石(11. 3%)、辉石(10. 0%)、镁铝尖晶石(7. 0%),含少量石英、铬铁矿和钛铁矿;冲击熔融角砾岩具角砾状结构,主要由岩屑(斜长岩、辉长-橄长-斜长岩、微斑熔融角砾岩、辉长岩)、晶屑(橄榄石、辉石、斜长石、尖晶石)、玻屑和基质组成。斜长岩和角砾岩的矿物组成基本一致,主要为斜长石(An_(92. 9～98. 4))、紫苏辉石(Fs_(15. 5～32. 2)Wo_(2. 98～4. 22))、易变辉石(Fs_(27. 9～53. 1)Wo_(7. 19～14. 7))、普通辉石(Fs_(8. 42～38. 9)Wo_(17. 0～44. 1))、橄榄石(Fo_(53. 7～89. 4))、尖晶石[(Mg_(4. 97)Fe_(0. 86))_(5. 83)(Al_(11. 4)Cr_(0. 61))_(12. 0)O_(24)]。通过对陨石的矿物组成、碎屑组成、矿物成分、全岩成分和冲击变质特征进行研究,并和已发现的月球斜长岩进行了对比,认为该陨石可能起源于一个新的富含尖晶石的辉长橄长斜长岩高地。该陨石的斜长岩和角砾岩具有不同的冲击特征,斜长岩区域发育橄榄石面状破裂、斜长石熔长石化及含未熔融的辉石和橄榄石晶屑的冲击熔脉;角砾岩区域发育玻璃质熔脉、冲击熔体及岩石角砾化,这些特征限制了斜长岩区和角砾岩区经历的冲击压力峰值分别约为45 GPa和78 GPa,温度峰值分别约为1 100℃和1890℃,冲击变质阶段为S_5～S_6。     

月球火山碎屑堆积物光谱研究

月球的火山作用是月球的重要内生地质过程,反映了月球的内部演化。由爆发式火山作用形成的月球火山碎屑堆积物（LPD）代表了比月海玄武岩更深部的物质,是月球探测的优先目标之一。反射光谱是研究月球火山碎屑堆积物、在全球尺度上区分月球爆发式火山与溢流式火山的重要手段。文中选取29个已经确认的火山碎屑堆积物并结合模拟月球玻璃样品开展光谱学研究,建立了富玻璃的LPD光谱识别指标。根据模拟月球玻璃的铁钛含量与其1 μm处吸收特征的关系比较了富玻璃火山碎屑堆积的相对铁钛含量,为今后提高月球火山碎屑堆积物的铁钛反演精度提供思路。研究结果表明,在这29个火山碎屑堆积中,Sulpicius Gallus、Gauss、Walther A、Birt E和Aristarchus是较为富玻璃的火山碎屑堆积。Aristarchus、Sulpicius Gallus和Birt E的钛含量低于Walther A、Gauss,Birt E, 1 μm左吸收肩偏短波方向,1 μm吸收深度较浅,这可能因为Birt E具有异常低的Fe含量,或者其光学成熟度较高。鉴于火山碎屑堆积物重要意义,其是未来月球采样的较佳候选地区。     

Review on retrieval of lunar regolith thickness by active and passive microwave measurements

It is one of the important methods to retrieve lunar regolith thickness using active and passive microwave techniques. The retrieval of lunar regolith thickness is based on microwave radiation transfer process simulation in the regolith media. The lunar regolith model is first introduced, and the features of the involved physical parameters are indicated thereafter, such as dielectric constants, surface roughness, particle size and thermal grads of the lunar regolith. The time delay and the migration of the radar echoes from the different interfaces is the key problem for active microwave measurement. And the simulation of the microwave radiative transfer in the regolith media is the important technique for the passive microwave measurement. The important parameters and the physical mechanism for the two measurements are also presented.     

月球探测器捕获分析及评估

国外深空探测活动的实践表明:深空探测器在整个飞行过程中要进行多次轨道控制才能实现其使命轨道。以我国嫦娥一号(Chang’e-1)探月卫星轨道为例,对探月卫星进行月球制动捕获所需脉冲速度增量ΔV进行了分析,通过仿真计算指出ΔV最小达到约200 m/s,即可保证制动后卫星飞行轨道的远月点在地月系统作用范围内。针对捕获制动过程,参考国外经验并结合我国现有测定轨设备及方法的实际条件,分析了通过监视多普勒测速和VLBI时延率残差变化的趋势进行轨道控制效果评估方法的可行性。     

月面巡视探测器立体影像的多核CPU并行快速匹配

月面巡视探测器立体影像的摄影测量处理是获取月面三维信息实现巡视器定位导航的重要手段之一。影像匹配是地面近景摄影测量实现自动化处理的关键,本文研究了基于积分影像的单机多核并行匹配算法,实现了月面巡视器模拟影像的快速匹配。试验表明该方法能显著地缩短匹配时间,达到较高的加速比和效率。     

Millimeter and submillimeter measurements of asteroid (2867) Steins during the Rosetta fly-by

The European Space Agency Rosetta Spacecraft passed within 803 km of the main belt asteroid (2867) Steins on 5 September 2008. The Rosetta Spacecraft carries a number of scientific instruments including a millimeter and submillimeter radiometer and spectrometer. The instrument, named MIRO (Microwave Instrument for the Rosetta Orbiter), consists of a 30-cm diameter, offset parabolic reflector telescope followed by two heterodyne receivers. Center-band operating frequencies of the receivers are near 190 GHz (1.6 mm) and 562 GHz (0.53 mm). Broadband continuum channels are implemented in both frequency bands for the measurement of near surface temperatures and temperature gradients. A 4096 channel CTS (chirp transform spectrometer) having 180 MHz total bandwidth and ∼44 kHz resolution is also connected to the submillimeter receiver. We present the continuum observations of asteroid (2867) Steins obtained during the fly-by with the MIRO instrument. Spectroscopic data were also collected during the fly-by using the MIRO spectrometer fixed-tuned to rotational lines of several molecules. Results of the spectroscopic investigation will be the topic of a separate publication.Comparative thermal models and radiative transfer calculations for Steins are presented. Emissivities of Steins were determined to be 0.6-0.7 and 0.85-0.9 at wavelengths of 0.53 and 1.6 mm, respectively. The thermal inertia of Steins was estimated to be in the range 450-850 J/(m² s^0.5 K). Assuming that the emissivity of Steins is determined by the Fresnel reflection coefficients of the surface material, the area-averaged dielectric constant of the surface material is in the range 4-20. These values are rock-like, and are unlike the powdered-regolith surface of the Moon.     

27.3-day and Average 13.6-day Periodic Oscillations in the Earth’s Rotation Rate and Atmospheric Pressure Fields Due to Celestial Gravitation Forcing

Variation in length of day of the Earth (LOD, equivalent to the Earth’s rotation rate) versus change in atmospheric geopotential height fields and astronomical parameters were analyzed for the years 1962-2006. This revealed that there is a 27.3-day and an average 13.6-day periodic oscillation in LOD and atmospheric pressure fields following lunar revolution around the Earth. Accompanying the alternating change in celestial gravitation forcing on the Earth and its atmosphere, the Earth’s LOD changes from minimum to maximum, then to minimum, and the atmospheric geopotential height fields in the tropics oscillate from low to high, then to low. The 27.3-day and average 13.6-day periodic atmospheric oscillation in the tropics is proposed to be a type of strong atmospheric tide, excited by celestial gravitation forcing. A formula for a Tidal Index was derived to estimate the strength of the celestial gravitation forcing, and a high degree of correlation was found between the Tidal Index determined by astronomical parameters, LOD, and atmospheric geopotential height. The reason for the atmospheric tide is periodic departure of the lunar orbit from the celestial equator during lunar revolution around the Earth. The alternating asymmetric change in celestial gravitation forcing on the Earth and its atmosphere produces a "modulation" to the change in the Earth’s LOD and atmospheric pressure fields.     

螺旋钻进模拟月壤过程的热场分析

介绍了一种新型的月壤钻具,为了了解新型螺旋钻具在钻进模拟月壤过程中的热场分布,优化了钻进过程参数,通过理论计算建立了钻进过程热场分布模型,并通过实验进行了验证,同时进行了热电偶测温实验.测温结果显示,所建立的模型较好地符合钻进过程的温度分布;在相同的条件下,钻进过程的温度随着转速的降低而升高.计算分析和实验结果表明:月...