月壤中的稀有气体

月球极度亏损挥发分,但是月壤中赋存有大量的稀有气体,主要来源于太阳风注入、宇宙射线作用和放射性同位素衰变等过程。月岩和月壤样品的稀有气体研究,不仅是获取月球表面形成和演化历史、近地空间小行星撞击历史等的重要内容,更是解译40亿年以来太阳风演化的惟一可行途径。本文主要介绍月岩和月壤中的太阳风记录、宇宙射线暴露年龄、Ar-Ar定年以及稀有气体测试技术等方面研究的进展。     

月球物理天平动对环月轨道器运动的影响

月球物理天平动是月球赤道在空间真实的摆动，会导致月球引力场在空间坐标系中的变化，从而引起环月轨道器(以下称为月球卫星)的轨道变化，这与地球的岁差章动现象对地球卫星轨道的影响类似．采用类似对地球岁差章动的处理方法，讨论月球物理天平动对月球卫星轨道的影响，给出相应的引力位的变化及卫星轨道的摄动解，清楚地表明了月球卫星轨道的变化规律，并和数值解进行了比对，从定性和定量方面作一讨论．     

月球大地测量学的进展

介绍了月球大地测量(Selenodesy)的定义和方法。月球大地测量的一个特点是它的观测数据绝大部分都要依靠航天探测器或环月、绕月卫星来获取。月球大地测量的内容可以考虑3个方面：一是在月球上给出一个有确定定义的坐标参考系。并在其中布测一个控制网；二是确定这一月球参考系的大地测量几何和物理常数；三是求定月球的外部重力场。     

ADVANTAGES OF SEARCHING FOR ASTEROIDS FROM LOW EARTH ORBIT: THE NEOSSat MISSION

Space-based observatories have several advantages over ground-based observatories in searching for asteroids and comets. In particular, the Aten and Interior to Earth’s Orbit (IEO) asteroid classes may be efficiently sought at low solar elongations along the ecliptic plane. A telescope in low Earth orbit has a sufficiently long orbital baseline to determine the parallax for all Aten and IEO class asteroids discovered with this observing strategy. The Near Earth Object Space Surveillance Satellite (NEOSSat) mission will launch a microsatellite to exploit this observing strategy complementing ground-based search programmes.     

基于饱和约束和时变观测器设计的异构航天器姿态控制策略

针对空间异构环境下易产生非线性和不确定性影响,多个异构航天器进行姿态控制存在执行器输入饱和约束,对有限的资源进行协作调度难度大等问题,提出了异构航天器包含饱和输入和不确定性动态的鲁棒一致性追踪控制策略.在该控制策略中,参考系统的动态权重矩阵被允许是完全未知的,因此现有的方法并没有可行解.通过引入有向生成树假设,一种新的权重平均方法被提出来构造分布式观测器动态.通过综合分布式观测和非线性动态,一类新的鲁棒一致性追踪控制器被设计.仿真结果表明：当同步行为和分布式观测动态能够被同时获得并且达到领导者状态,异构系统的鲁棒一致性问题将被解决.同时,通过利用多个航天器的动态模型,设计了不同性能指标的参数条件,验证和分析了提出方法的有效性.     

Two Lunar Mare Soil Simulants

Two new lunar mare soil simulants, NAO-2 and NAO-3, have been created in National Astronomical Observatories (NAO), Chinese Academy of Sciences. These two simulants were produced from low-titanium basalt and high-titanium basalt respectively. The chemical composition, mineralogy, particle size distribution, density, angle of internal friction, and cohesion of both simulants have been analyzed, indicating that some characteristics of NAO-2 and NAO-3 are similar to those of Apollo 14 and Apollo 11 landing site soils. NAO-2 and NAO-3 will be of great benefit to the scientific and engineering research on lunar soil.     

Quantifying TiO_2 Abundance of Lunar Soils:Partial Least Squares and Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis for Determining Causal Effect

Partial least squares(PLS) regression was applied to the Lunar Soil Characterization Consortium(LSCC) dataset for spectral estimation of TiO2.The LSCC dataset was split into a number of subsets including the low-Ti,high-Ti,total mare soils,total highland,Apollo 16,and Apollo 14 soils to investigate the effects of interfering minerals and nonlinearity on the PLS performance.The PLS weight loading vectors were analyzed through stepwise multiple regression analysis(SMRA) to identify mineral species driving and...     

月球卫星轨道力学综述

月球探测器的运动通常可分为3个阶段，这3个阶段分别对应3种不同类型的轨道：近地停泊轨道、向月飞行的过渡轨道与环月飞行的月球卫星轨道。近地停泊轨道实为一种地球卫星轨道；过渡轨道则涉及不同的过渡方式(大推力或小推力等)；环月飞行的月球卫星轨道则与地球卫星轨道有很多不同之处，它决不是地球卫星轨道的简单克隆。针对这一点，全面阐述月球卫星的轨道力学问题，特别是环月飞行中的一些热点问题，如轨道摄动解的构造、近月点高度的下降及其涉及的卫星轨道寿命、各种特殊卫星(如太阳同步卫星和冻结轨道卫星等)的轨道特征、月球卫星定轨等。     

Lunar impact breccias: petrology,crater setting,and bombardment history of the Moon

Two general classes of lunar impact breccias have been recognised: fragmental breccias and melt breccias. Fragmental breccias are composed of clastic-rock debris in a finely comminuted grain-supported matrix of mineral and lithic fragments. Impact melt breccias have crystalline to glassy matrices that formed by cooling of a silicate melt. Most lunar impact breccias in our collection probably sample ejecta from large complex craters or multi-ring basins, although linking individual breccias to specific impact events has proven surprisingly difficult. A long-standing problem in lunar science has been distinguishing clast-poor impact melt breccias from igneous rocks produced by melting of the lunar interior. Concentrations and relative abundances of highly siderophile elements derived from the meteoritic impactor provide a useful discriminant, especially when combined with petrologic and geochemical evidence for mechanical mixing. Most lunar impact melt breccias have crystallisation ages of 4.0?–?3.8 Ga, corresponding to an episode of intensive crustal metamorphism recorded by whole-rock U?–?Pb isotopic compositions of lunar anorthosites. This may reflect a short-lived spike in the cratering rate, although other explanations are possible. The question of whether or not a cataclysmic bombardment struck the Earth and Moon at ca 3.9 Ga remains open and the subject of continuing investigations.     

月球钻探取心特种钻头研制与试验

对月壤形成过程和物质组成进行了介绍,并将实际月壤基本物理力学指标与CUG-1型模拟月壤和普通干砂进行对比,认为在月球钻探取样过程中可能遇到具有一定胶结强度的硬质团块。为保证钻探取样顺利进行,需要研制月球钻探用特种取心PDC钻头。基于PDC钻头的碎岩机理,对钻头的负前角、旁通角、出露高度、钻头保径和PDC切削齿的钎焊工艺分别进行了设计,并对钻杆和钻头装配体在钻进过程中的受力过程进行有限元分析。最后,采用所设计的特种取心PDC钻头进行岩石干钻试验,试验结果表明,该钻头能钻进可钻性级别小于或等于6级的岩石,能满足月球钻探需要。