地震台站前兆数据库的备份和恢复方式

介绍了oracle数据库的备份、恢复机制以及具体的实现方法,比较了各种备份方案的优缺点,给出了地震前兆台站Oracle数据库的备份方案,确保数据库能够稳定安全地运行。     

A study on the temporal and spatial characteristics of droughts following earthquakes

According to the ＂jacking-up＂ theory, which relates the cause of earthquakes to outer core convection ascension bodies, the crust will gradually recover after an earthquake. In such cases, the crust is stretched, the underground temperature is reduced, precipitation decreases, and drought occurs. In this paper, precipitation is compared with ground temperature and seismic data to determine the spatial and temporal relationship between earthquakes and subsequent droughts. Our objective is to develop a new method of drought prediction. With a few exceptions in location, the analysis of the first drought to occur after the Ms 〉 7 earthquakes in mainland China and the adjacent areas since 1950 shows that droughts tended to occur in regions near earthquake epicenters and in the eastern regions of the epicenters at the same latitude within six months after the earthquakes. In addition, and the differences between the starting time of the earthquakes and the droughts nearly share the same probability of 0 to 6 months. After careful analysis of 34 Ms 〉 6.5 earthquakes occurring in western China from 1980 to 2011, we determined that a second drought tends to occur approximately six months following the first drought, indicating a quasi-half-year period. Moreover, the duration of the quasi-half-year fluctuation increases with the magnitude of earthquake, at approximately 2.5 years for Ms 6.5 earthquake and approximately 5 years for Ms 8 earthquake.     

曝气法对石油污染土壤的修复研讨

为了探讨石油污染土壤修复的有效方法，就曝气法对石油污染土壤的修复功能，在野外试验场地进行了为期13天的试验。结果表明，曝气法可使空气与土壤中呈吸附态和残余态的石油烃类相接触，从而使土壤中的石油烃类通过挥发和好氧生物降解去除，为石油污染土壤生物修复技术的应用提供了科学依据。     

曝气法对石油污染土壤的修复研讨

为了探讨石油污染土壤修复的有效方法,就曝气法对石油污染土壤的修复功能,在野外试验场地进行了为期13天的试验。结果表明,曝气法可使空气与土壤中呈吸附态和残余态的石油烃类相接触,从而使土壤中的石油烃类通过挥发和好氧生物降解去除,为石油污染土壤生物修复技术的应用提供了科学依据。     

Ground-Based Observations Of Lunar Meteoritic Phenomena

The occurrence and visibility of meteoroid impacts on the moon as seen from the earth were little more than speculation prior to November 1999. The best evidence of present-day impact activity came from the seismic experiments left on the Moon during the Apollo era. Past systematic attempts at earth-based observations to document lunar impacts revealed nothing conclusive. However, during the Leonid storms of 1999 and 2001, lunar impact events were for the first time confirmed by multiple independent observers. A total of 15 meteoritic impact flash events have been verified during these storms, with an additional 12 unconfirmed but likely events awaiting confirmation. Estimates of the mass of these meteoroids range from less than one gram for the faintest flashes to more than 10 kg for the brightest observed flash. The fraction of visible light to total energy produced by these events, a quantity known as luminous efficiency, averages about 0.001 for the established events. The confirmation of lunar meteoritic events on the Moon opens a new avenue in lunar and planetary research, one which could help bridge the gap between atmospheric sampling of the smallest components of meteoroid streams and interplanetary debris to the larger scale objects accessible to ground-based telescopes.     

映秀 北川断裂带中垂直断裂带走向的NW SE向构造和汶川地震

通过汶川科学钻探钻孔地质实体(岩芯)的构造研究、非弹性应变恢复法(ASR法)地应力测试,结合区域构造和汶川地震NW向余震带的综合分析,提出沿映秀-北川断裂走向的狭窄范围内存在一组NW-SE向构造,其总体产状为:走向N48°W,倾角中等,与映秀-北川断裂带的总体走向和ASR地应力测试获得的一组最大主应力方位(侧伏方向224°)和最大水平应力方位(44°)接近垂直。NW-SE向构造,除少数发育为宏观的断裂构造外,多数表现为密集的裂隙系(或隐断裂)和隐伏断裂,以逆冲性质为主,局部略具左行走滑特征。映秀-北川断裂两侧相向倾斜的NW-SE向裂隙系表明其两侧存在有方向相反的运动,映秀-北川断裂属两侧具有不同形成机制和相向位移的双侧走滑型断裂。映秀-北川断裂的同震垂向位移受NE-SW向构造和NW-SE向构造双重因素制约,在汶川地震的主震带与NW向余震带叠置部位具最大的垂向位移量。从时间尺度分析,在汶川地震的全过程中,仅开始时刻表现为自NW→SE方向的强烈逆冲作用,随后的主要时间段内均表现为沿断裂带方向的运动和自SW→NE方向的逆冲。NW-SE向构造的形成是龙门山深部应力和能量长期积聚的结果,强震发生时,初始时刻的自NW向SE方向的强烈挤压,瞬即转换成自SW向NE方向的运动和强烈挤压。NE-SW向挤压构造应力场,是由NW-SE向挤压作用长期积累和诱导,并叠置在区域NW-SE向主导的挤压构造应力场之上的局部构造应力场,但在发震后,它主导了地震能量自震源区沿断裂走向向NE方向的快速传递和扩展及NW向强余震的发生,地震能量在NE-SW向强烈挤压过程中得到最终释放。因此,映秀-北川断裂在地震的不同阶段,其性质存在差异,在地震宁静期或弱震期(应力积累和闭锁期)以自NW往SE方向的逆冲性质为主,兼有右行走滑特征,但在强震期(应力释放和解锁期),除发震时表现为强烈的继承性逆冲作用,随后即转化为以平行断裂带走向自SW向NE方向的快速运动和扩展及自SW往NE方向的逆冲作用为主。     

月球重力场模型GL0660B特征分析及其对绕月卫星轨道的影响

月球重力场可用来研究月球演化过程和内部结构,是影响绕月卫星精密定轨的重要因素。基于GRAIL任务数据解算的GL0660B重力场模型,极大提高了月球重力场空间频谱信号的强度和范围。本文首先通过计算相应重力场的阶方差和地形相关性分析,对GL0660B模型进行了精度分析;其次,利用GL0660B模型和其他几个月球重力场模型进行比较,对月球重力场的特征进行了分析;然后通过绘制GL0660B模型和LP150Q模型在月球外部不同高度处的重力异常图,分析比较了月球重力场模型在不同高度上所反映的月球重力场的特征和差异;最后,利用GEODYN软件模拟计算了不同高度卫星的轨道变化。可以看出绕月卫星离心率随时间的变化,以及周期性变化趋势,而且不同高度卫星轨道处质量瘤的摄动影响不同,远月点、近月点和偏心率的变化也存在差异。     

测日定位中病态问题的有偏估计及精度分析

目前月球/火星车上均搭载有太阳敏感器用于导航,但需要较长的跟踪观测时间才能实现绝对定位,影响了导航的实时性。本文研究如何在超短的跟踪观测时间(1~2min)内,实现测日绝对定位。首先推导了高度法定位的最小二乘法求解模型,并首次从病态问题的角度看待测日定位问题,采用奇异值分解法对病态问题进行了诊断。通过仿真算例,将有偏估计的方法应用于测日定位,并对不同有偏估计方法进行了比较。仿真计算结果表明,有偏估计总是能够改善初值的精度,明显优于最小二乘法。但初值的选取对有偏估计的影响非常显著,有偏估计总是将初值沿着太阳的指向稳定收敛到一条与太阳指向垂直的直线上,且这条直线通过真值。     

Monitoring recovery after earthquakes through the integration of remote sensing,GIS, and ground observations: the case of L’Aquila (Italy)

The usefulness of remote sensing (RS), geographical information systems, and ground observations for monitoring changes in urban areas has been demonstrated through many examples over the last two decades. Research has generally focused on the relief phase following a disaster, but we have instead investigated the subsequent phases involving early recovery, recovery, and development. Our aim was to determine to what extent integration of the available tools, techniques, and methods can be used to efficiently monitor the progress of recovery following an earthquake. Changes in buildings within the Italian city of L’Aquila following the 2009 earthquake were identified from Earth observation data and are used as indicators of progress in the recovery process. These changes were identified through (1) visual analysis, (2) automated change detection using a set of decision rules formulated within an object-based image analysis framework, and (3) validation based on a combination of visual and semiautomated interpretations. An accuracy assessment of the automated analysis showed a producer accuracy of 81% (error of omission: 19%) and a user accuracy of 55% (error of commission: 45%). The use of RS made it possible for the identification of changes to be spatially exhaustive, and also to increase the number of categories used for a recovery index. In addition, using RS allowed the area requiring extensive fieldwork (to monitor the progress of the recovery process) to be reduced.     

罗平生物群的发现与研究进展——据云南1:5万罗平县等四幅区调和专题调查成果

成都地质调查中心云南区调项目组2007年在罗平县中三叠统关岭组二段中发现了罗平生物群。罗平生物群是三叠纪的化石宝库,化石包含了脊椎动物和无脊椎动物。脊椎动物以海生爬行类和鱼类为主。无脊椎动物以节肢动物为主,伴生有双壳类、腹足类、菊石、棘皮动物、腕足类、牙形石、有孔虫和植物类化石。牙形石研究显示罗平生物群处于Nicoraella kockeli牙形石带,时代上属于中三叠世安尼期Pelsonian亚期。罗平生物群保存在一个局限的台盆环境中。其化石的特异保存很可能与底层水缺氧和微生物席的密封作用有关。罗平生物群目前是研究三叠纪海洋生态系统复苏的最好的一扇窗口,也是三叠纪海生鱼类和节肢动物化石保存最好的产地之一,为研究二叠纪末大绝灭后海洋生态系统复苏以及中生代海洋生态系统的演化历史提供了新材料。