稳定井流抽水含水层参数计算及富水性评价

针对目前单孔稳定流求参存在的问题,本文在分析新生界松散含水层条件及三次降深抽水过程基础上,利用其抽水试验恢复阶段的数据,分别求得各含水层多个参数,其值真实反映了含水层的实际情况。利用多元回归方法,求得降深与流量关系,通过其系数值大小分析,间接得出各含水层的富水性程度,为地下水的勘探与评价提供一定借鉴。     

Eco-compensation effects of the wetland recovery in Dongting Lake area

Eco-compensation is an environmental economic instrument for internalization of external cost. Returning farmland to lake is one of the important parts of restoring wetland ecosystem function in the Yangtze River Valley of China. Whether the project of lake recovery can be successful depends on the compensation to the farmers who have lost their original benefits and contributed to the wetland ecosystem recovery by returning farmland to lake. Aiming at the wetland recovery of the Dongting Lake, the practical implementation of programs of the lake recovery and flood control in this area has been challenged by the heavy task of population resettlement, so it is an ideal area for case studies to reach the academic objectives proposed as the above. Based on field survey and experimentation, this research evaluated the benefit losses of the resettled farmers and the increased values of ecosystem service functions caused by wetland recovery, and furthermore, the value of eco-compensation for relocated farmers was calculated by considering the combination of the farmers’ compensation appeal. The value of eco-compensation for relocated farmers in the Dongting Lake area was 6084.5 yuan per household by synthetic analysis of the effects on wetland ecosystem restoration. Moreover, this article took Dongting Lake area as a case to study and explore the basic issues of the eco-compensation by returning farmland to lake, that was who should pay, who should be paid, how much the payment was and what the payment means was, which sought the mechanisms of wetland restoration eco-compensation and prompted the people’s enthusiasms for ecological restoration.     

一种适应性强的大型油田钻井液——SQ高温高压油气井无固机无机钻井液的研制

ＳＱ高温高压无固相无相钻井液是一种由加重剂、粘度调节剂、缓蚀剂和除氧剂组成的无机钻井液,它对储层渗透率的恢复值高（ 比现有的钻井液高出１０％ ～１３ ％ ） ,具有腐蚀性弱（０．０４９ｍｍ／ａ） 、与地下水和ＣＯ２ 等混合后不产生沉淀、耐高温（ ＞ ８０ ℃） 、密度高（１ ．５１ ～１ ．７０ｇ／ｃｍ３）等特性,故对油气层和机械设备具有良好的保护作用,是一种应性强的大型油田钻井液。     

日本朔望时刻记载及其对地球自转变化研究的可能贡献

历史上采用地方时间（如地方视太阳时、平太阳时等）观测和记录的某些天象的时刻,可用于地球自转速率变化的研究．日本在１７—１９世纪间有许多月球朔和望时刻的观测记录．本文简要介绍了其记载情况,探讨了将这些年代较晚的观测资料用于地球自转速率变化研究的可能性．试算结果表明他们对研究此期间地球自转速率的变化可起到积极作用．有必要对他们作更深入的研究．     

黑白人脸图像的彩色复原方法

提出了一种基于图像变形和颜色空间转换的黑白人脸图像的彩色复原方法。该方法的基本思想是参考现有的彩色人脸图像,将其色彩添加到黑白人脸图像中来实现彩色复原。该方法思想简单、步骤简便、容易实现。实验结果表明,该方法非常有效,能自然逼真地实现男、女、老、少等不同黑白人脸图像的彩色复原,并且其实现的彩色复原图像在人脸的各个细节特征上都非常逼真、自然、富有说服力。     

新疆塔里木南缘埃连卡特岩群物质来源及构造环境——锆石U-Pb年代学和地球化学约束

新疆塔里木南缘埃连卡特岩群主要分为2个岩组,岩石类型主要以含方解石二云(石英)片岩、石英片岩夹少量火山岩为主,为一套低变质岩组合。本文选取15件样品,岩石地球化学分析结果显示,原岩总体为中酸性的过铝质高钾钙碱性系列;所有样品点稀土元素配分模式图为右倾型,δEu和δCe均具有负异常特点,高场强元素Nb、Ti、P亏损,大离子亲石元素Rb、Th相对富集,显示出上地壳长英质源区特征。岩石锆石U-Pb定年为(2386±78)Ma和(1830±40)Ma两个区间,属古元古代,代表了其原岩相应地层沉积时代的下限。原岩恢复、大地构造背景投点图显示,埃连卡特岩群变质岩原岩为一套砂岩类正常碎屑沉积岩,夹少量火山岩,其形成于活动大陆边缘,该时期塔里木南缘总体为向南变深的拉张的沉陷陆表海盆地环境。     

月球质量瘤成因及研究方法综述

月球重力探测一直是国际深空探测的重要目标之一。计算月球重力发现,月球表面存在重力异常区域——质量瘤。通过对质量瘤的特征、成因以及研究方法进行概述总结,认为质量瘤是月幔隆升、高密度物质聚集所致,后期的玄武岩充填可能会增加重力异常,但作用微弱。尽管可以利用月震波分析和月球内部三维密度分布反演新技术,但是基于重力数据和地形资料的研究方法更能高效地对月球的重力场及其特征进行详细研究,高精度的重力场模型可以揭示月球深部构造及层圈形态,进而探索早期月球起源、内部物质演化与运动过程等。该研究方法可为月球和其他类地行星的重力研究提供参考。     

深层含水层地下储热技术的发展现状与展望

深层含水层储热是一种利用深度>500 m的深层含水层作为储热介质的储热技术,储热对象通常为50~150 ℃的热水。它通过地下水井从深层含水层中抽取和灌入地下水,实现热能储存和回收。深层含水层储热技术是弥补能源供需时空分布的不平衡,综合利用多种可再生能源,实现节能减排的有效途径,是国内外研究的前沿和热点。文中首先阐述了深层含水层储热系统在世界范围内的历史发展,归纳储热系统的热工性能,在总结前人研究工作的基础上分析影响其热回收效率的关键参数,并对各个参数对热回收效率的敏感性做了综述。在此基础上,本文还讨论了限制深层含水层储热系统发展的技术瓶颈,并针对系统的经济效益和市场潜力做了预测和展望。     

Controls on carbonate platform architecture and reef recovery across the Palaeozoic to Mesozoic transition: A high-resolution analysis of the Great Bank of Guizhou

Carbonate platforms spanning intervals of global change provide an opportunity to identify causal links between the evolution of marine environment and depositional architecture. This study investigates the controls on platform geometry across the Palaeozoic to Mesozoic transition and yields new stratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental constraints on the Great Bank of Guizhou, a latest Permian to earliest Late Triassic isolated carbonate platform in the Nanpanjiang Basin of south China. Reconstruction of platform architecture was achieved by integrating field mapping, petrography, biostratigraphy, satellite imagery analysis and δ¹³C chemostratigraphy. In contrast to previous interpretations, this study indicates that: (i) the Great Bank of Guizhou transitioned during Early Triassic time from a low-relief bank to a platform with high relief above the basin floor (up to 600 m) and steep slope angles (preserved up to 50°); and (ii) the oldest-known platform-margin reef of the Mesozoic Era grew along steep, prograding clinoforms in an outer-margin to lower-slope environment. Increasing platform relief during Early Triassic time was caused by limited sediment delivery to the basin margin and a high rate of accommodation creation driven by Indosinian convergence. The steep upper Olenekian (upper Lower Triassic) slope is dominated by well-cemented grainstone, suggesting that high carbonate saturation states led to syndepositional or rapid post-depositional sediment stabilization. Latest Spathian reef initiation coincided with global cooling following Early Triassic global warmth. The first Triassic framework-building metazoans on the Great Bank of Guizhou were small calcareous sponges restricted to deeper water settings, but early Mesozoic reef builders were volumetrically dominated by Tubiphytes, a fossil genus of uncertain taxonomic affinity. In aggregate, the stratigraphic architecture of the Great Bank of Guizhou records sedimentary response to long-term environmental and biological recovery from the end-Permian mass extinction, highlighting the close connections among marine chemistry, marine ecosystems and carbonate depositional systems.