松南气田火山岩气藏产水特征和控水策略

基于天然气单次闪蒸实验、气藏水化验分析两种方法,区分松辽盆地松南气田气井产水类型;结合气藏精细描述,分析不同气井的产水机理;进一步利用数值模拟,探索火山岩气藏控水策略。松南气田产水可分为凝析水和地层水两种类型,构造高部位火山机构气井产凝析水,构造低部位火山机构气井产地层水。断层引起的底水上窜是造成构造高部位钻井产少量地层水的主要原因。通过数值模拟发现,采气速度越高,边底水锥进越快。松南气田火山岩气藏最优采气速度约在3.6%。根据高部位高配、低部位低配的控水原则,明确了不同类型、不同构造部位火山岩气井合理产量,可有效控制火山岩气井出水,实现气藏稳产。     

Lunar and solar barometric tides at Nandi,Fiji

Lunar and solar atmospheric tidal oscillations have been determined with satisfactory accuracy from 17 years 11 months of mean sea-level barometric pressure observations taken at Nandi, Fiji. In many respects, the results are consistent with previous tidal determinations in the south-west Pacific region, although these are few and widely scattered. However, the mean annual amplitude of the lunar tide at Nandi, as determined in this study, 88 b, is much greater than might have been expected from currently available global amplitude maps. Nevertheless, the probable correctness of this result has been confirmed by the analysis of nearly 6 years of similar data from Nausori (130 km E.S.E. of Nandi), which yielded a mean annual lunar amplitude of 88 b, compared with a Nandi amplitude of 83 b for a closely corresponding period.     

内蒙白音诺等矿床中方铅矿中银的赋存形式及其与伴生元素锑、铋的关系

作者根据Ag2S-PbS, Ag2S-PbS-Sb23。及各休系相平衡资料以及内蒙白音诺等矿床 中各种矿物共生组合中方铅矿的成分，论证了银的赋存状态及其与伴生元素锑、秘的关系.在含 银及低温条件下.银在方铅矿中形成独立的银锑硫盐矿物，这有利于银的回收。在含秘低温条件 下，银在方铅矿中不可避免地有相当一部分呈固溶休的状态分散在晶格中，它不利于银的回收. 因此，只需研究银的赋存状态及矿石或方铅矿中伴生元素锑、秘含量及其比例，即可对铅精矿中 银的存在形式及回收率作出初步的评价。     

An observational study of energy balance in the atmospheric lunar tide

Analyses of satellite orbit-perturbation and altimeter data have been used in the past few years to evaluate sea-tide dissipation. A value of about 2.5 TW for the M₂ tide is emerging from this work, which for the first time has placed our knowledge of sea-tide energy balance on a firm observational basis. A comparable improvement for the air tide is not yet possible, but an energy-balance estimate of M₂ air-tide dissipation is made here from the best available spherical-harmonic analysis of the lunar barometric tide, namely that of 1969 byHaurwitz andCowley. Full account is taken of the flux of tide energy from the ocean, by means of sea-tide elevation derived from satellite data, and effects of sea-tide attraction and load are included. The result of this observational assessment is an M₂ air-tide dissipation of about 10 GW maintained almost entirely, on the average, by the sea tide.     

An introduction to quiet daily geomagnetic fields

On days that are quiet with respect to solar-terrestrial activity phenomena, the geomagnetic field has variations, tens of gamma in size, with major spectral components at about 24, 12, 8, and 6 hr in period. These quiet daily field variations are primarily due to the dynamo currents flowing in theE region of the earth's ionosphere, are driven by the global thermotidal wind systems, and are dependent upon the local tensor conductivity and main geomagnetic field vector. The highlights of the behavior and interpretation of these quiet field changes, from their discovery in 1634 until the present, are discussed as an introduction to the special journal issue on Quiet Daily Geomagnetic Fields.     

TQC方法在煤层钻探中的应用

应用排列图法及因果分析图法分析东煤公司110队1989年煤层钻探中质量问题的主要影响因素,进而提出了相应的对策。     

基于力反馈手柄的移动载人月球车操作控制系统

移动载人月球车相关技术的研究是我国未来载人登月探测的重要任务.根据载人月球车的需求,本文从航天员操作舒适度和操作工作空间出发,设计了一种面向载人月球车操作的力反馈手柄,在具体的场景设计下可以带给航天员力触觉感受,辅助航天员进行安全、有效的驾驶行为.基于力反馈手柄的移动载人月球车操作控制系统包含力反馈手柄、硬件系统、软件系统.力反馈手柄主要由二自由度旋转机构、手杆、带光编码器的直流电机组成;硬件系统为STM32单片机及相关接口电路,STM32作为下位机接收来自上位机的指令信号和力反馈信息,并且向上位机反馈手柄位置信息;为完成移动载人月球车操作控制系统的仿真测试,软件系统是基于unity3D所开发的月球车驾驶场景,搭载使用虚拟传感器,做出驾驶行为决策解算出相应的力反馈信息.实验结果表明,力反馈手柄能较好地辅助航天员操纵载人月球车,有效提升了载人月球车的驾驶效率和安全性.     

The influence of urban development dynamics on community resilience practice in New York City after Superstorm Sandy: Experiences from the Lower East Side and the Rockaways

While (urban) resilience has become an increasingly popular concept, especially in the areas of disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate change adaptation (CCA), it is often still used as an abstract metaphor, with much debate centered on definitions, differences in approaches, and epistemological considerations. Empirical studies examining how community-based organizations (CBOs) “practice” resilience on the ground and what enables these CBOs to organize and mobilize around resilience are lacking. Moreover, in the growing context of competitive and entrepreneurial urbanism and conflicting priorities about urban (re)development, it is unclear how urban development dynamics influence community-based resilience actions. Through empirical research conducted on the Lower East Side, a gentrifying neighborhood in Manhattan, and in Rockaway, a socio-spatially isolated neighborhood in Queens, we investigate community organizing of low-income residents for (climate) resilience in a post-disaster context. Results show that both the operationalization of resilience – how resilience is “practiced” – and the community capacity to organize for the improved resilience of low-income residents are strongly influenced by pre-existing urban development dynamics and civic infrastructure – the socio-spatial networks of community-based organizations – in each neighborhood. The Lower East Side, with its long history of community activism and awareness of gentrification threats, was better able to mobilize broadly and collectively around resilience needs while the more socio-spatially isolated neighborhoods on the Rockaway peninsula were more constrained.     

塔河油田缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏注氮气及注泡沫提高采收率研究

塔河油田开中后期,面临储层天然能量不足,注水开发稳产期短、油井含水率高及采收率偏低等问题针对这些问题。本文利用制作的三维立体仿真模型进行了注N_2驱与注N_2泡沫驱提高采收率效果评价实验。结果表明气水交替驱可提高采收率25.93%,高于恒速N_2驱的23.46%,这是由于气水交替注入不仅有注N_2补充能量的作用,还有注水压锥的效果、同时增加抬升油气界面的速度,延缓了气窜。但恒速N_2泡沫驱与泡沫段塞+后续水驱的提高采收率分别为28.59%和26.54%,明显高于N_2驱,这是因为泡沫破裂后N_2可以启动阁楼油,而表面活性剂能够剥离油膜,起到乳化、携带游离油滴的作用,所以N_2泡沫驱是更为有效的提高缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏采收率的技术手段。     

A technique for estimating permeability of a randomly fractured rock mass

Extensive field and laboratory testing programs were performed to develop a relationship between the permeability of a fractured limestone and the core recovery values. The studied limestone does not encompass any jointing system but is consistently and randomly fractured. Nineteen in situ falling head permeability tests were carried out to measure permeability of the fractured rock mass at a representative study area. Analysis of test results has led to the formulation of an empirical equation that estimates the permeability of the rock mass in terms of its solid core recovery value and the permeability of the fractures filling material. Unlike the existing equations for estimating the permeability of rock masses, the proposed equation is simple and utilizes parameters that can be easily determined in regular geotechnical field and laboratory investigations. A technique is also presented to estimate the permeability of a rock layer, the quality of which significantly changes with depth, using the proposed equation that utilizes a single value of core recovery. Analysis of well-documented pumping test results supported the validity of the proposed equation and technique.