Theory for the semi-analytical calculation of oil recovery and effective relative permeabilities using streamtubes

A semi-analytical method has been developed for calculating oil recovery in two and three dimensions, and for calculating effective relative permeabilities for coarse grids. The calculations are based on the assumption that the effects of a changing mobility field can be accounted for by using fixed streamtube geometries with flowrates updated to account for the changing mobility distribution. The single-phase pressure distribution from a numerical solution of Laplace's equation is used to calculate the pressure distribution for a two-phase flow based on a mapping of the solution of the Buckley-Leverett equation onto the streamtubes derived from the single-phase solution. The displacement calculations for oil recovery are based on theory previously developed by Dykstra and Parsons, extended to include the effects of spatially varying permeability and continuously changing mobilities, as occurs in solutions of the Buckley-Leverett equation for typical values of the mobility ratio. This idea has also been extended to the calculation of effective relative permeabilities for coarse-grid simulation and finally establishes the proper rules for averaging the results of fine-grid numerical simulations of two-phase flow for the definition of effective two-phase flow properties on coarse grids. These calculations have been generalized to three-dimensional flows by the simple device of conceptually inserting a gridded plane across the flow and defining each streamtube at that location as those streamlines which pass through any one of the grid cells. When combined with time-of-flight calculations from the gridded plane to both the producer and injector, the distribution of pore volume along each streamtube can be calculated. This information, combined with a tabulation of the single-phase, steady-state pressure distribution along each streamtube, provides all of the information needed for the semi-analytical calculation of oil recovery and effective flow properties in three-dimensional flows. © 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved     

振动采油在我国某油田的实际应用

应用超低频可控震源进行振动采油，是当今石油工业提高原油采收率的一种新的辅助手段。我院根据国内外的发展动态和振动采油的特点，在我国东北某油田进行了振动采油试验。本文将对其中一个周期的试验过程和效果进行综合分析。试验结果表明，振动采油增产效果明显，经济效益显著     

铭溪龙凤场铅锌混合矿选矿工艺的探讨

福建省大田县硫铁矿利用原有设备，部分进行技改配置生产铅锌混合矿；并采用铅锌混合优先浮选流程，经过一年多生产实践，混合矿质量均达到国家标准；但铅、锌回收率低。通过改造选矿工艺流程、增加精选槽数、稳定原矿和加强磨矿细度控制等试验表明，铅、锌回收率可稳定在９２％以上     

The Vegetation Resilience After Fire (VRAF) index: Development,implementation and an illustration from central Italy

A suitable index is proposed to evaluate the natural short–medium-term recovery capability of vegetation in burnt areas. The study area covers 2450 km² in western Tuscany (Province of Pisa, Italy). This region is characterized by a typical Mediterranean climate and is subject to fire damage during the dry summer season. Damage is mitigated where a natural rapid regrowth of vegetation prevents soil erosion, supporting the return to a natural pre-fire state.     

Annual growth zones in stems of Hypericum irazuense (Guttiferae) in the Costa Rican páramos

The high peaks of the Cordillera de Talamanca in Costa Rica support shrub- and grass-dominated páramo ecosystems that experience stand-replacing wildfires. The dry season that facilitates these fires results in dormancy in plant growth and provides an opportunity to use dendrochronological analyses to determine ages of plants in burn sites to support studies of fire history and postfire vegetation recovery. This study investigates the formation of annual growth zones in stems of the common shrub Hypericum irazuense. Unlike other páramo shrubs, H. irazuense rarely resprouts following fire, instead recovering through seedling recruitment following seed dispersal from the unburned periphery. Laboratory analysis of 19 prepared cross sections from 15 stems shows that samples of H. irazuense from burned areas can provide an estimate of the minimum number of years since the previous fire, supporting earlier work based on field examination of stems. Including a time lag for seedling recruitment or resprouting refines that estimate. Counts of growth zones in most sections coincided with dates of the last known fires. The presence of annual growth zones in H. irazuense places the species within a relatively small group of woody Neotropical species for which annual rings or growth zones have been demonstrated.     

基于力反馈手柄的移动载人月球车操作控制系统

移动载人月球车相关技术的研究是我国未来载人登月探测的重要任务.根据载人月球车的需求,本文从航天员操作舒适度和操作工作空间出发,设计了一种面向载人月球车操作的力反馈手柄,在具体的场景设计下可以带给航天员力触觉感受,辅助航天员进行安全、有效的驾驶行为.基于力反馈手柄的移动载人月球车操作控制系统包含力反馈手柄、硬件系统、软件系统.力反馈手柄主要由二自由度旋转机构、手杆、带光编码器的直流电机组成;硬件系统为STM32单片机及相关接口电路,STM32作为下位机接收来自上位机的指令信号和力反馈信息,并且向上位机反馈手柄位置信息;为完成移动载人月球车操作控制系统的仿真测试,软件系统是基于unity3D所开发的月球车驾驶场景,搭载使用虚拟传感器,做出驾驶行为决策解算出相应的力反馈信息.实验结果表明,力反馈手柄能较好地辅助航天员操纵载人月球车,有效提升了载人月球车的驾驶效率和安全性.     

松南气田火山岩气藏产水特征和控水策略

基于天然气单次闪蒸实验、气藏水化验分析两种方法,区分松辽盆地松南气田气井产水类型;结合气藏精细描述,分析不同气井的产水机理;进一步利用数值模拟,探索火山岩气藏控水策略。松南气田产水可分为凝析水和地层水两种类型,构造高部位火山机构气井产凝析水,构造低部位火山机构气井产地层水。断层引起的底水上窜是造成构造高部位钻井产少量地层水的主要原因。通过数值模拟发现,采气速度越高,边底水锥进越快。松南气田火山岩气藏最优采气速度约在3.6%。根据高部位高配、低部位低配的控水原则,明确了不同类型、不同构造部位火山岩气井合理产量,可有效控制火山岩气井出水,实现气藏稳产。     

基于月球反射的遥感器定标跟踪监测

月亮辐照度是可见近红外波段一种稳定的辐射参考基准,对月观测已成为星载遥感仪器辐射定标和验证的一种新方法。风云三号03星(FY-3C)中分辨率光谱成像仪(Moderate Resolution Spectral Imager,MERSI)增加了对月观测功能,改进了太阳反射波段的在轨辐射定标。本文收集分析了MERSI在轨工作以来的全部11组对月观测数据,利用通道间辐照度比值方法移除月相角,日—月—星相对距离等因素对月亮辐照度观测值的影响,开展了可见光近红外波段的辐射定标工作,实现了MERSI太阳反射通道的辐射定标系数动态跟踪和评估。通过线性回归及统计发现,通道8辐射响应的年衰减率达到了14.55%,通道9达到了8.42%,通道1、6、10、11、16和19的年衰减率为1.15%—4.72%,其余通道未检测到衰减。研究结果可以用于订正MERSI数据的辐射定标系统性偏差,提高MERSI全寿命期的辐射定标精度。     

利用并行技术的海量数据瓦片快速构建

针对现有的将海量DLG、DOM、DEM、DRG(4D)数据转换成金字塔瓦片以供数据共享的解决方法的不足,文章提出了一种利用并行技术解决海量数据计算处理的思路,适用于需要海量地学数据处理计算的情形:将传统4D数据快速、有序、可控制地转换成瓦片数据,利用并行渲染技术来加速瓦片缓存的生成,利用对地理范围空间区块进行任务分割来完成并行切片的同步控制、任务的进度跟踪与断电宕机等异常中断恢复。将此方法投入于四川全省内大比例尺4D切片生产的结果表明,该方法并发性高,能快速、稳定地解决海量数据的切片任务。     

大地震同震影响的位错理论模型分析

位错理论对于应用大地测量以及地球物理信息研究震源机制,进行地震预报、断层反演以及火山活动等研究都有一定的重要性。针对地震对框架的影响,该文通过使用OKADA模型对3个等级的地震断层破裂面进行了模拟,分析了在理想数据下地震对框架的影响范围,这样有助于地震后各方面的应急恢复;同时运用OKADA模型对2011年日本宫城Mw9.0级地震数据进行了计算分析,得出我国距离日本较近的东北地区的框架点受到一些影响,但不会对区域的地震活动产生大的影响。