板桥油田重力流水道沉积特征及其对开发效果的影响

板桥油田位于北大港潜山构造带东北倾没端,该油田沙河街组一段属于典型的重力流水道沉积.在系统的岩心观察基础上,结合400口井的测井曲线特征,将该区重力流水道划分为主水道、分支水道、水道侧翼、水道漫溢以及湖相泥5种微相.总结了各类微相的展布特征.综合动、静态资料,分析了沉积微相对储层物性的控制作用,探讨了不同微相砂体的渗流特征及水驱控制程度.研究认为下一步潜力区应是重力流主水道、分支水道以及水道侧翼砂体分布区,其中重点是重力流分支水道砂体分布区,区内还存在着丰富的剩余油资源.     

射气-闪烁法测定地下热水的镭-226和氡-222浓度

地下热水中放射性浓度较高的226 Ra和222 Rn对于研究地下热水的形成和循环具有重要的意义。阐明了实验室测定地下热水226 Ra和222 Rn放射性浓度的射气-闪烁法的仪器组成、测试原理、测试步骤、水样前处理和结果换算,讨论了在测试过程中各仪器和试验方法所需参数的选取及确定的具体操作。结果表明:在本试验中,所用放射性测试仪器FD-125型氡钍分析仪的最佳阈电压为2V,对应的最佳工作高压为450 V;所采用的3个闪烁室的校正因子分别为0.005 428、0.005 567和0.005 060;进行前处理提取水样226 Ra时,pH值应控制在2.5~3.0之间,可确保方法回收率最大。     

越冬花椰菜气候适应性研究及灾害防御技术

2002~2004年试验研究结果表明,越冬花椰菜幼苗期适宜温度为15~25℃,最低温度5~7℃,最高温度25~30℃。莲座期适宜温度为4~20℃,最低-1~-3℃,最高21~22℃。花球形成期适宜温度一般为14~21℃,最低8~10℃,最高21~30℃。花椰菜生育期耗水量在767.2~933.5 mm之间,水分利用效率最高,超过950 mm或低于510 mm水分利用效率均显著降低。花椰菜生育期间低温冷害和高温伤害是造成减产和品质降低的主要气象灾害。     

数值模拟技术在聚合物驱油过程中跟踪调整应用

利用Eclipse数值模拟软件研究大庆油田北一区断西主力油层沉积特征、开发状况、剩余油分布规律,并对该区块在注入超高分子量聚合物过程中改注抗盐聚合物的特征变化进行借助计算机数值模拟技术进行研究,提前掌握区块运行规律,结合区块生产状况,提出相应的措施调整方案,进一步提高聚合物驱油开发效果。     

Pulp and paper mill pollution and subsequent ecosystem recovery of a large boreal lake in Finland: a paleolimnological analysis

Sedimentary diatom frustules and chironomid remains, in addition to the chemical stratigraphy of 32 elements and resin acids, were studied from short-core samples taken from two basins and a sheltered bay of Lake Päijänne in southern Finland (about 61 °10–62 °15 N, 25 °30 E). The lake was formerly oligotrophic but has been subject to effluent loading from pulp and paper mills during the past century since the opening of the first pulp mill in the 1880s. Four developmental phases were distinguished and named mainly according to the effects found in the basin close to the pollution source: (1) the pre-industrial phase (from the 1800s to ca. 1920), including the early years of industrialization, with low impacts; (2) the phase of increasing pollution (ca. 1920–1969); (3) the phase of severe pollution (1970–1981); and (4) the water protection phase (1982 onwards).Distinct differences were observed between pelagic (diatoms) and benthic (chironomid) ecosystems in their response to pollution. Effluent loading from the pulp and paper mills had a pronounced impact on chironomid assemblages, but only a slight influence on diatoms in the basin close to the pollution source. In the southern basin, approximately 60 km downstream, an increase in acidophilous species was observed in the diatom assemblages during the early years of pollution, but changes in chironomids in this basin were negligible. The water protection work of the past 30 years, which has led to an improvement in water quality and a marked recovery of the profundal biota, has also resulted in a slight increase in primary production of the lake. The decrease in brown-coloured effluent water has led to an increase in thickness of the lake's photic productive layer, while the toxicity of the water has simultaneously diminished. Rapid changes in chironomid assemblages and sedimentation observed in the sheltered bay highlight the importance of local land-use activities as causes of environmental change in this area, and especially their effects on sedimentation and benthic life.     

On the Dynamics of Weak Stability Boundary Lunar Transfers

Recent studies demonstrate that lunar and solar gravitational assists can offer a good reduction of total variation of velocity Vneeded in lunar transfer trajectories. In particular the spacecraft, crossing regions of unstable equilibrium in the Earth—Moon—Sun system, can be guided by the Sun towards the lunar orbit with the energy needed to be captured ballistically by the Moon. The dynamics of these transfers, called weak stability boundary (WSB) transfers, will be studied here in some detail. The crucial Earth—Moon—Sun configurations allowing such transfers will be defined. The Sun's gravitational effect and lunar gravitational capture will be analyzed in terms of variations of the Jacobi constants in the Earth—Sun and Earth—Moon systems. Many examples will be presented, supporting the understanding of the dynamical mechanism of WSB transfers and analytical formulas will be obtained in the case of quasi ballistic captures.This revised version was published online in October 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

满足一定约束条件的登月飞行轨道的设计

讨论满足约束条件的登月飞行轨道的设计问题，将约束条件分类为只与太阳，月球，地球，飞行器和观测站之间的相对位置有关的运动学约束条件以及小及到飞行器轨道云动的动力学约束条件，在考虑登月飞行轨道的特征后，给出一种设计满足约束条件的标准飞行轨道的方法，并将方法应用于不同约束条件下的我国登月飞行以及月球卫星的轨道预测计。     

Design of lunar landing trajectory under constraints

The design of a lunar landing trajectory which satisfies certain constraints is considered and discussed. The constraints are of two kinds, kinetic constraints, which deal with the relative positions among the Sun, the Moon, the Earth, the spacecraft and tracking stations, and dynamic constraints, which deal with the orbital motion of the spacecraft. After a discussion of the characteristics of lunar flight trajectory, a method of designing standard flight trajectory is suggested that satisfies the constraints. This method is applied to the Chinese lunar landing flight and to the pre-design of the orbit of a lunar satellite.     

New Trends in the Development of the Lunar Physical Libration Theory

A review of the modern state of the lunar libration theory is presented. A significant progress in the lunar investigation is achieved due to the simultaneous processing of results of the satellite Doppler tracing and of the lunar laser ranging. The data evidencing existence of a small iron core in the Moon are discussed. In this connection, the further development of the theory of rotation of the Moon presents the study of internal structure and dynamics of a lunar body. A model of a two-layer Moon can have a very advanced application to explain some observed phenomena and to be as a first approach in the modelling of internal processes determining the lunar rotation.     

Derivation of the CHAMP-only global gravity field model TUG-CHAMP04 applying the energy integral approach

A global gravity field model TUG-CHAMP04, derived from CHAMP (CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload) satellite-to-satellite GPS tracking observations in the high-low mode (SST-hl) in combination with CHAMP accelerometry, is presented and described in detail in this paper. For this purpose the energy integral approach was applied to precise kinematic orbits and accelerometer data. The advantage of these kinds of orbits is that they are derived from purely geometrical information, hence no external gravity field information is used for the determination of the positions. The disadvantage of precise kinematic orbit information is, that no velocities are delivered and hence a procedure has to be elaborated to deduce the velocities from kinematic positions. This work is done in preparation for ESA’s GOCE (Gravity field and steady state Ocean Circulation Explorer) satellite mission (scheduled launch November 2006), aiming at a high precision and high-resolution gravity field model on a global scale. This paper concentrates on the CHAMP data processing, where, in contrast to the usual standard method (processing in the Earth fixed frame), an approach in the inertial frame is chosen. Focus is taken on the data preprocessing of both accelerometer and orbit data, emphasising on the correct treatment of data-gaps and outlier detection. Furthermore an arc-wise weighting strategy is introduced and the advantages/disadvantages of this approach are discussed. Finally, the TUG-CHAMP04 model, calculated from one year of CHAMP data is compared with the official CHAMP gravity field model EIGEN-3p and terrestrial data (GPS levelling data).