基于倾斜摄影测量技术的三维数字城市建模

使用较为先进的信息化手段,能够为城市的规划、建设、管理、运营以及一些应急措施的应用发挥良好作用。三维数字城市的建模,能够在很大程度上有效提高政府的实际服务和管理水平,从而有效增强城市的管理效率,为有效节约城市资源发挥重要的作用。本文主要从数字城市进行三维建模的现实状况入手,对倾斜摄影技术的内涵和技术特征进行详细分析,从而介绍基于倾斜摄影测量技术的三维数字城市建模项目的具体实施情况。     

谈大数据时代的“云控制”摄影测量

在当今大数据时代,影像数据采集方式的多样化、高效化、便捷化产生的摄影测量影像大数据需要高效、自动与智能的处理。然而,作为传统摄影测量几何定位主要控制数据的外业控制点,其获取的复杂性与低效性仍然是制约摄影测量处理效率的关键因素。针对该问题,本文提出了"云控制"摄影测量的概念,以带有地理空间信息的数据作为几何控制替代外业控制点,通过自动匹配(或配准)获取大量密集的控制信息;并介绍了基于影像、矢量和LiDAR点云的3种"云控制"摄影测量技术;最后对"云控制"摄影测量的应用前景进行了展望并对其问题进行了讨论。     

像控布设方案对无人机航测精度影响的测试

结合实际的飞行试验,采用了5种像控布设方案,对无人机数码相机影像经纠正后直接进行立体建模测图或空三加密之后进行立体测图,然后进行实地精度检核,分析各种像控布设方案对工作效率和测图精度的影响,寻找出最佳的像控布设方案,对无人机航测进行1:000大比例尺高精度测图的可行性和发展方向进行展望。     

从数字化测绘到信息化测绘的测绘学科新进展

测绘学科已完成由传统模拟测绘向数字化测绘的转变过程,现在正在向信息化测绘新阶段转化与跨越。本文综述了测绘学科及其下的五个子学科(大地测量学、摄影测量与遥感学、地图制图与地理信息工程学、工程测量学和海洋测绘学)在向信息化测绘跨越过程中的科学与技术的新进展。     

High resolution UAV image acquisition method and modeling practice for geological outcrop with a large slope

The observation on the outcrop in the field is one of the most direct and efficient methods to obtain the underground formation information, which provides the most direct first-hand geological data for geological science research. However, the traditional outcrop investigation, especially for the outcrop with a large slope and unreachable area, mainly relies on the inspection, measurement of the slope bottom, and photos to record outcrop information, making it difficult to accurately characterize the whole geological body. Consumer unmanned aerial vehicle (UAVs) with the advantages of good mobility, strong adaptability and low cost, can obtain outcrop images from a short distance, multiple perspectives and varying heights. In this paper, the image acquisition method and model construction accuracy without control points available for the geological outcrop with a large slope are discussed. Consumer UAVs is used to capture images through vertical route and then the geological model is set up. The results show that oblique photogrammetry technology combined with consumer UAVs can effectively build a large slope geological outcrop model with millimeter resolution. The model has the characteristics of high resolution, uniform resolution and high measurement accuracy up to millimeter, which can effectively reduce the difficulty of field investigation and the personnel safety risk, thus it accurately reproduces the outcrop situation with large slope in the field, providing a real and reliable data basis for the section interpretation, analysis and measurement of large slope outcrop.     

无人机航摄技术在大比例尺测图中的应用研究

以无人机航摄技术在大比例尺(1∶1 000、1∶500)地形图测绘中的应用为研究目的,采用固定翼无人机平台,搭载非量测型数码相机,于河北某矿区进行航摄大比例尺地形图制作实验,通过外业实测点位数据对测图高程及平面精度进行评估。实验结果表明:通过严控误差影响因素无人机航摄技术可以满足1∶1 000比例尺测图精度要求,1∶500比例尺测图精度无法满足。最后,基于精度评定数据对误差产生的原因进行了深入分析与探讨,为无人机航摄技术测绘大比例尺地形图应用的可行性及可靠性提供了经验。     

Application of Structure‐from‐Motion photogrammetry to river restoration

Structure‐from‐Motion (SfM) photogrammetry is now used widely to study a range of earth surface processes and landforms, and is fast becoming a core tool in fluvial geomorphology. SfM photogrammetry allows extraction of topographic information and orthophotos from aerial imagery. However, one field where it is not yet widely used is that of river restoration. The characterisation of physical habitat conditions pre‐ and post‐restoration is critical for assessing project success, and SfM can be used easily and effectively for this purpose. In this paper we outline a workflow model for the application of SfM photogrammetry to collect topographic data, develop surface models and assess geomorphic change resulting from river restoration actions. We illustrate the application of the model to a river restoration project in the NW of England, to show how SfM techniques have been used to assess whether the project is achieving its geomorphic objectives. We outline the details of each stage of the workflow, which extend from preliminary decision‐making related to the establishment of a ground control network, through fish‐eye lens camera testing and calibration, to final image analysis for the creation of facies maps, the extraction of point clouds, and the development of digital elevation models (DEMs) and channel roughness maps. The workflow enabled us to confidently identify geomorphic changes occurring in the river channel over time, as well as assess spatial variation in erosion and aggradation. Critical to the assessment of change was the high number of ground control points and the application of a minimum level of detection threshold used to assess uncertainties in the topographic models. We suggest that these two things are especially important for river restoration applications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于多基线数字近景摄影测量测制1:500地形图的应用研究

主要阐述了基于多基线数字近景摄影测量技术测制1∶500地形图的的可行性、成图流程和成图精度等,并阐述了生产过程中各个方面的技术难点及其解决方法和建议。试验结果表明,该方法可行、精度可靠,但是有其局限性。     

利用DPGrid系统制作1∶500正射影像图

利用了DPGrid系统,实现了新疆奎屯市城区1∶500数字正射影像图生产,试验表明其可以实现城市大比例尺数字正射影像图的高效率生产。     

基于ECR与ECI星历数据的遥感影像定位

经典的共线方程中物方坐标系建立在地球表面,在航天摄影测量中,地面摄影测量坐标系的应用,增加了不同类型测量数据间联合处理的难度,限制了影像数据摄影测量处理的空间范围。本文介绍了基于视线方向的影像对地定位算法原理,并以此为基础建立了地心系下的航天影像摄影测量共线方程。针对地固地心系和空固地心系下星历数据的不同点,建立了基于两种地心系下星历数据的航天遥感影像定位严密模型,并对两种模型中偏流角处理的不同点进行了分析,最后给出了一个应用试验。