基于地下VLF人工信号源的定位技术研究

基于甚低频电磁波(VLF)穿透地层能力,研究地层对信号造成的影响,评估频率、功率和信号穿透能力的关系;从信号源、天线、信号处理滤波等方面讨论其实现的原理及关键技术;筛选适合地下-地表单向通信的合理方式和载波机制;建立简化的磁偶子定位模型,完成信号源的定向和定深。总结甚低频定位技术的关键方案,为煤层气水平井、水平对接孔、定向钻进导向孔、矿井救援等钻探领域中孔内信号传输提供一种新的通讯技术。     

Roles of xenomelts,xenoliths, xenocrysts,xenovolatiles, residues,and skarns in the genesis,transport, and localization of magmatic Fe-Ni-Cu-PGE sulfides and chromite

Most sulfide-rich magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits form in dynamic magmatic systems by partial melting S-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren to weakly-mineralized immiscible Fe sulfide xenomelts into which Ni-Cu-Co-PGE partition from the magma. Some exceptionally-thick magmatic Cr deposits may form by partial melting oxide-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of the miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren Fe ± Ti oxide xenocrysts into which Cr-Mg-V ± Ti partition from the magma. The products of these processes are variably preserved as skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles, which play important to critical roles in ore genesis, transport, localization, and/or modification. Incorporation of barren xenoliths/autoliths may induce small amounts of sulfide/chromite to segregate, but incorporation of sulfide xenomelts or oxide xenocrysts with dynamic upgrading of metal tenors (PGE > Cu > Ni > Co and Cr > V > Ti, respectively) is required to make significant ore deposits. Silicate xenomelts are only rarely preserved, but will be variably depleted in chalcophile and ferrous metals. Less dense felsic xenoliths may aid upward sulfide transport by increasing the effective viscosity and decreasing the bulk density of the magma. Denser mafic or metamorphosed xenoliths may also increase the effective viscosity of the magma, but may aid downward sulfide transport by increasing the bulk density of the magma. Sulfide wets olivine, so olivine xenocrysts may act as filter beds to collect advected finely dispersed sulfide droplets, but other silicates and xenoliths may not be wetted by sulfides. Xenovolatiles may retard settling of – or in some cases float – dense sulfide droplets. Reactions of sulfide melts with felsic country rocks may generate Fe-rich skarns that may allow sulfide melts to fractionate to more extreme Cu-Ni-rich compositions. Xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles are more likely to be preserved in cooler basaltic magmas than in hotter komatiitic magmas, and are more likely to be preserved in less dynamic (less turbulent) systems/domain/phases than in more dynamic (more turbulent) systems/domains/phases. Massive to semi-massive Ni-Cu-PGE and Cr mineralization and xenoliths are often localized within footwall embayments, dilations/jogs in dikes, throats of magma conduits, and the horizontal segments of dike-chonolith and dike-sill complexes, which represent fluid dynamic traps for both ascending and descending sulfides/oxides. If skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and/or xenovolatiles are present, they provide important constraints on ore genesis and they are valuable exploration indicators, but they must be included in elemental and isotopic mass balance calculations.     

Coupled computations for an elastic‐perfectly plastic soil using adaptive mesh refinement

An adaptive mesh refinement algorithm has been developed for non‐linear computations in geomechanics, based on a smoothed stress–strain finite element formulation. This uses estimates of error in the incremental shear strain invariant to guide the regeneration of unstructured meshes at regular intervals during loading. Following each mesh‐update, no re‐analysis of previous increments with the new mesh is necessary. Algorithm performance has been investigated by analysing a passive earth pressure problem using a linear elastic‐perfectly plastic Mohr–Coulomb soil model. Perfectly drained behaviour has been considered, as have partially drained situations using hydromechanical coupling, while undrained behaviour has been approximated using time steps close to zero. In all cases, mesh adaptivity has been successful in capturing regions of high strain gradient. The results have been compared with analytical solutions. Accurate computations of limit load and shear band orientation have been obtained for a wide range of material dilation angles. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

球坐标解析定位技术在龙门山近震层析中的应用

通过对球坐标梯度速度模型的角距离和走时公式的推导,获取了射线参数驱动的可解析计算的全球多震相时距及其对于模型,震中和地表速度的导数表达式.与TAUP软件进行对比发现除了散射震相外,所有震相的时距曲线误差均可忽略,该方法考虑了高程,在性能和应用方面也可以完全取代TAUP相应的模块.在此基础上升级了耦合一维模型的定位系统,并应用到龙门山地区的近震重新定位,通过对远震的局部化处理,增加了近震层析的射线覆盖范围和密度,使下地壳速度模型在中上地壳模型的约束下有所呈现.通过近震层析处理发现松潘地区浅部存在大量的高低速相间分布,四川盆地深部为扬子板块高速物质控制,浅部则以低速为主.龙门山断裂带浅部呈现高速为主的特征,而中地壳广泛存在低速物质的分布,龙门山断裂控制的彭灌杂岩体存在根部,收束在20 km深度中地壳滑脱带上.     

Shaking table tests on a masonry building monitored using smart bricks: Damage detection and localization

The seismic behavior of unreinforced masonry buildings is typically characterized by premature brittle collapse mechanisms that can cause serious consequences for the protection of human lives and for the preservation of historical and cultural heritage. Structural health monitoring can be a powerful tool enabling a quick post-earthquake assessment of the structure's performance, but its applications are still scarce as a consequence of the severe limitations affecting off-the-shelf sensing technologies, in terms of local nature of the measurements, costs, as well as long-term behavior, installation, and maintenance. To overcome some of these limitations, the authors have recently proposed a new sensing technology, called “smart brick,” that is a durable clay brick doped with stainless steel microfibers, working as a smart strain sensor for masonry buildings. This paper presents the first full-scale application of smart bricks, used for detecting and localizing progressive earthquake-induced damage in an unreinforced masonry building subjected to shaking table tests. Smart bricks are employed to detect changes in load paths on masonry walls, comparing strain measurements acquired after each step of the seismic sequence with those referring to the undamaged structure. Experimental results are interpreted using a 3D finite element model built to reproduce the shaking table tests. Overall, the results demonstrate that the smart bricks can effectively reveal local permanent changes in structural conditions following a progressive damage, therefore being apt for earthquake-induced damage detection and localization.     

基于GNSS多径信号的反射面参数估计算法

全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)多径信号广泛存在于城市峡谷等复杂导航定位场景中.多径信号在干扰GNSS接收机并造成系统定位精度下降的同时,也为接收机提供了周边反射面环境信息.在码相位延迟幅度联合跟踪算法(CADLL)实现GNSS多径信号感知和特征参数提取的基础上,设计实现了基于粒子滤波的反射面参数估计算法.该算法可以在GN...     

饱和多孔介质材料的应变局部化萌生条件

在单相介质和非渗流饱和多孔介质应变局部化萌生条件的基础上,应用饱和多孔介质控制方程和Liapunov稳定理论,导出了渗流条件下的固相应力-应变描述和有效应力-应变描述的多孔介质固相部分的应变局部化的萌生条件。不同应力描述下的萌生条件的形式有一定变化。应用简单算例,讨论了Terzaghi有效应力描述的应变局部化萌生条件中两种固、液相对运动特例下的饱和多孔介质应变局部化破坏的形式。     

Expression,purification, and subcellular localization of phospholipase C in Dunaliella salina

Plants possess effective mechanisms to respond quickly to the external environment. Rapid activation of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PLC) enzymes occurs after a stimulus. The PLC in Dunaliella salina plays important roles in growth and stress responses. However, the molecular basis of PLC action in D. salina remains little understood. To gain insight into the potential biological functions of this enzyme, we cloned a phospholipase C gene from D. salina in a previous study, named DsPLC (GenBank No. KF573428). Here, we present the prokaryotic expression, purification, and characterization of the DsPLC gene. The entire coding region of DsPLC was inserted into an expression vector pET32a, and the DsPLC gene was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli. The DsPLC protein was purified and identified using a polyclonal antibody and western blotting. Expressing DsPLC fused with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) in onion showed that DsPLC-GFP was localized to the intracellular membrane. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that the relative expression of the DsPLC gene was induced significantly by 3.0-mol/L NaCl at 4 h. Our results support the importance of PLC enzymes in plant defense signaling. This study provides a basis for further functional studies of the DsPLC gene and for additional analysis of the potential roles of PLC enzymes in response to abiotic stress.     

附加深度差和水平距离约束的深海控制点差分定位算法

针对现有方法确定海底控制点(应答器)三维坐标垂直解偏差大的问题,提出了附加控制点间深度差和水平距离约束的差分定位算法。首先研究了声速剖面的变化规律,并分析了声速剖面的不确定性对测距误差的影响。其次,根据测距误差的变化规律设计了相应的测线,并提出了适合这种走航策略的差分算法。仿真试验的结果显示,相比于传统方法(圆走航),控制点垂直解的偏差由30多个cm减小到了10 cm左右,表明本文提出的方法可以有效改善控制点定位垂直解偏差大的问题。     

融合上下文感知的地标检测辅助WiFi-PDR室内定位

针对当前WiFi-PDR室内定位中存在的WiFi信号不稳定及行人航位推算（PDR）累积误差大的问题,本文提出了一种融合上下文感知的地标检测辅助WiFi-PDR室内定位方法。该方法利用智能手机所能监测到的上下文信息建立用户模型,采用基于卷积神经网络的用户行为感知和基于WiFi-PDR室内定位的粗粒度位置感知,发现隐藏的室内地标信息,并完成用户在地标位置的位置校正,提高定位准确度。该方法在一定程度上降低了WiFi-PDR室内定位的误差,提高了用户室内定位的精度。经试验验证,该室内定位方法的精度相比于传统的WiFi-PDR方法提高了43.62%。