一种改进的联合SRP-PHAT语音定位算法

提出了一种基于正交直线麦克风阵列的分级搜索SRP-PHAT(可控响应功率-相位加权)语音定位算法.利用正交直线麦克风阵列将二维搜索空间缩减为2个一维空间以减少计算量,并联合使用四叉树由粗到细的分级搜索(hierarchical search)策略分别在一维空间中搜索声源位置.通过Matlab对联合算法进行了仿真,实现了声源定位,并与传统的全搜索SRP-PHAT算法和改进前的基于正交直线麦克风阵列的加速SRP-PHAT算法进行比较分析.实验与仿真结果显示:该联合算法大大减少了计算量和定位时间,能准确定位声源位置.     

Propagation and localization of wave in multi‐span Timoshenko beams on elastic foundations under moving harmonic loads

Wave propagation and localization in ordered and disordered multi‐span beams on elastic foundations due to moving harmonic loads are investigated by using the transfer matrix methodology. The transfer matrix, as a function of the frequency and velocity of the moving harmonic load, of the periodic beam is formulated in a coordinate system moving with the load. The expressions of critical velocities, cut‐off frequency of an associated uniform beam without discrete spaced supports, are determined through the analysis of the wavenumbers, and the dynamic responses of the beam are also examined. For the ordered and disordered case, the propagation constants and localization factors are respectively employed to identify the velocity and frequency pass bands and stop bands in order to examine whether the perturbation can propagate along the structure or not. The effects of the periodicity, disorder level, excitation frequency, and moving velocity are studied in detail. The validity of the obtained results is confirmed by evaluating the transverse deformation of the beams through the finite element simulations. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

真三维状态下土体强度及变形分叉影响

通过引入应力Lode角建立合理的角隅函数描述偏平面形状,对三维Mohr-Coulmb强度准则进行修正,使之能合理反映中主应力比对土体峰值内摩擦角的影响。修正后的准则在偏平面上的强度线与Lade-Duncan准则相似,但更具灵活性,预测结果更符合松砂真三轴试验结果。由于土体在加载过程中常发生应变局部化现象,导致其强度得不到充分发挥。基于非共轴塑性模型的分叉分析研究了应变局部化发生对土体强度发挥的影响,通过与密砂真三轴试验结果对比表明,分叉强度能合理反映在不同中主应力比条件下应变局部化发生对土体强度的降低作用。     

集合预报误差在GRAPES全球四维变分同化中的应用研究Ⅰ：局地化方案设计与动力平衡特征分析

通过引入流依赖的集合预报误差,使得同化分析与天气形势紧密相关,是改善初值分析质量的重要途径。文中在GRAPES（Global Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System）全球四维变分资料同化（4DVar）中研究了如何有效应用集合预报误差,包括增加扩展控制变量时如何降低其计算消耗以及如何在局地化过程中保持不同变量之间的动力平衡。利用高斯分布的谱滤波实现水平局地化,利用垂直正交经验函数分解实现垂直局地化,并采用前8个主导特征模态来限制控制变量空间维数增加。引入20至180个集合样本,在水平二维局地化情形下,控制变量总数的增长可以限制在1.1—1.8倍,而在三维局地化情形下,控制变量总数的增长限制在1.7—7.1倍。对60个集合样本和1°水平分辨率内循环,4DVar引入扩展控制变量后墙钟时间增加了约30%。进一步,通过采用在非平衡分析变量上进行水平局地化,然后再将风压地转平衡关系重新叠加到非平衡分析变量上,使得分析更好地保持了风压平衡关系,初始场地面气压倾向变化减小。此外,虽然垂直局地化对分析平衡影响较大,但依靠目标函数中的数字滤波弱约束,分析变量之间仍能较好满足动力平衡关系。结果表明,GRAPES全球4DVar中发展的增加扩展控制变量、谱滤波实现水平局地化、非平衡分析变量进行水平局地化等有效应用集合预报误差的方法,适合集合样本数超过100个的情况,在分析质量改善的同时,4DVar系统的计算和存储消耗没有显著增加。      

Softening,localization and stabilization: capture of discontinuous solutions in J2 plasticity

This paper exploits the concept of stabilization techniques to improve the behaviour of mixed linear/linear simplicial elements (triangles and tetrahedra) in incompressible or nearly incompressible situations. Elasto-J2-plastic constitutive behaviour has been considered with linear and exponential softening. Two different stabilization methods are used to attain global stability of the corresponding discrete finite element formulation. Implementation and computational aspects are also discussed, showing that a robust application of the proposed formulation is feasible. Numerical examples show that the formulation derived is free of volumetric locking and spurious oscillations of the pressure. The results obtained do not suffer from spurious mesh-size or mesh-bias dependence, comparing very favourably with those obtained with the standard, non-stabilized, approaches. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Numerical investigations of shear localization in a micro‐polar hypoplastic material

In this paper a micro‐polar continuum approach is proposed to model the essential properties of cohesionless granular materials like sand. The model takes into account the influence of particle rotations, the mean grain size, the void ratio, the stresses and couple stresses. The constitutive equations for the stresses and couple stresses are incrementally non‐linear and based on the concept of hypoplasticity. For plane strain problems the implementation of the model in a finite element program is described. Numerical studies of the evolution of micro‐polar effects within a granular strip under plane shearing are presented. It is shown that the location and evolution of shear localization is strongly influenced by the initial state and the micro‐polar boundary conditions. For large shearing the state quantities tend towards a stationary state for which a certain coupling between the norm of the stress deviator and the norm of the couple stress tensor can be derived. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Gradient plasticity modelling of strain localization in granular materials

The flow stress in the yield surface of plastic constitutive equation is modified with a higher order gradient term of the effective plastic strain to model the effect of inhomogeneous deformation in granular materials. The gradient constitutive model has been incorporated into the finite element code ABAQUS and used to simulate biaxial shear tests on dry sand. It is shown that the shape of the post-peak segment of the load displacement curve predicted by the numerical analysis is dependent on the mesh size when gradient term is not used. Use of an appropriate gradient coefficient is shown to correct this and predict a unique shape of the load displacement curve regardless of the mesh size. The gradient coefficient required turns out to be approximately inversely proportional to the mesh elemental area. Use of the strain gradient term is found to diffuse the concentration of plastic strains within shear band resulting in its consistent width. The coefficient of the higher gradient term appears as a function of the grain size, the mean confining stress, and the plastic softening modulus. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Microstructural evolution during strain localization in dolomite aggregates

Dolomite aggregates deformed by dislocation creep over a wide range of conditions (T = 700–1000 °C, effective pressure of 900 MPa, strain rates of 10⁻⁷ – 10⁻⁴/s) strain weaken by up to 75% of the peak differential stress. Microstructural study of samples shortened to different finite strains beyond the peak differential stress shows that strain becomes highly localized within shear zones by high-temperature creep processes, with no contribution of brittle cracking. At low strains (8%), dolomite deforms homogeneously by recrystallization-accommodated dislocation creep. At progressively higher sample strains, deformation is localized into narrow shear zones made up of very fine (∼3 μm) recrystallized grains and relict porphyroclasts (20–100 μm). Finely-recrystallized dolomite grains in the shear zones are largely dislocation free and localized shear is facilitated by diffusion creep. In contrast, original dolomite grains and porphyroclasts in shear zones have high dislocation densities and do not deform after shear zone formation. Calculated strain rates in the shear zones are two to three orders of magnitude faster than the imposed bulk strain rate of the samples and these strain rates are consistent with predictions of the diffusion creep flow law for fine-grained dolomite.     

Study of mechanical behavior and strain localization of methane hydrate bearing sediments with different saturations by a new DEM model

This paper presents a numerical investigation into mechanical behavior and strain localization in methane hydrate (MH) bearing sediments using the distinct element method (DEM). Based on the results of a series of laboratory tests on the bonded granules idealized by two glued aluminum rods and the available experimental data of methane hydrate samples, a pressure and temperature dependent bond contact model was proposed and implemented into a two-dimensional (2D) DEM code. This 2D DEM code was then used to numerically carry out a series of biaxial compression tests on the MH samples with different methane hydrate saturations, whose results were then compared with the experimental data obtained by Masui et al. [9]. In addition, stress, strain, void ratio and velocity fields, the distributions of bond breakage and averaged pure rotation rate (APR) as well as the evolution of strain localization were examined to investigate the relationships between micromechanical variables and macromechanical responses in the DEM MH samples. The numerical results show that: (1) the shear strength increases as methane hydrate saturation S_MH increases, which is in good agreement with the experimental observation; (2) the strain localization in all the DEM MH samples develops with onset of inhomogeneity of void ratio, velocity, strain, APR, and distortion of stress fields and contact force chains; and (3) the methane hydrate saturation affects the type of strain localization, with one shear band developed in the case of 40.9% and 67.8% methane saturation samples, and two shear bands formed for 50.1% methane saturation sample.