冀东牛心山金矿区岩浆岩特征及其成因探讨

本区岩浆岩以花岗岩为主体,只在岩浆演化晚期有少量中性岩岩墙。岩浆演化及岩石化学、稀土元素、同位素等特征表明,岩浆是燕山运动早期构成下地壳的基性物质经部分重熔形成,熔融早期最低熔融组分形成花岗岩浆,进一步重熔,晚期形成少量中性岩浆。     

SALES TAX AS PROPERTY TAX RELIEF? THE SHIFTING ONUS OF LOCAL REVENUE GENERATION

Local governments are under pressure to develop alternative revenue sources to their already strapped property tax bases. Throughout the 1970s, municipal governments nationwide restructured their local taxes by substituing sales tax for property tax revenue. A tax accounting model identified two sources of sales-for-property tax substitution: changes in the tax rates and normal economic growth and decline. Most of the sales-for-property tax substitution experienced in Illinois city finance was attributable to economic change. The critical determinant of this substitution appreared to be the municipality's share of the regional retail market. Cities in higher density metropolitan areas were less likely to experience sales-for-property tax substitution through economic growth than those cities in lower density, less competitive environments.     

土壤污染地球化学标准及等级划分问题讨论

全国多目标区域地球化学调查发现有害元素广泛分布引起极大关注。土壤污染将长期危及生态系统和人类生存安全。制定土壤污染等级标准十分重要。国家土壤环境保护标准体系中,土壤污染等级标准是针对调查发现的污染进行量度划分,土壤环境质量标准是依据污染对环境影响程度确定临界值,土壤污染评价标准是针对存在问题进行科学研究的指标。土壤污染等级采用统一的分级标准,划分为国家级、流域级、省级和地市级。标准制定是一个由局部到全局的认识,又由全局到局部的决策过程。在多目标区域地球化学调查基础上首先制定土壤污染标准及划分污染等级是笔者的主导思想。     

桥墩附近四面体透水框架抛投防冲效果试验研究

分析了目前国内所采用的抛石防护方法和土工织布上加压载防护方法的优缺点,对桥墩冲刷的机理进行了阐述,并且通过模型试验,研究了在桥墩周围抛投四面体透水框架进行防护的防护效果。从而证明了“四面体透水框架抛投防护方法”对桥墩局部冲刷的防护有一定的工程使用价值。     

谈谈航片扫描中亮点和暗点的设置

介绍了扫描仪在测绘(地图)生产中实际操作的重点,分析了选取影像中最亮点与最暗点的重要性,阐述了其原理及在实际工作中的应用。     

地图目标局部分形描述的元分维模型的实现

提出了一种基于分形理论的元分维模型，可以用于描述地图目标的局部形态特征变化，为地图目标的进一步分析应用提供了一个新的思路。     

基于直方图的遥感图像相似性检索方法比较

相似性度量是用于研究多源数据之间相似程度的，是对空间数据进行模式识别的基础。通过单波段遥感图像的检索对两组直方图相似性检索方法进行了实验研究，即基于特征向量的相似性度量和基于概率的相似性度量。实验中发现第一组相似度量中有两种以往较少用于遥感图像检索的方法表现出色，它们分别是，统计距离和相似夹角余弦度量。第二组实验中，针对其中包含较明显的目标物体且背景较为单一的遥感图像（其直方图可看作混合高斯分布），在类别可分离判据的基础上，根据K-近邻法则提出了一种计算该类图像之间相似值的方法。实验结果表明基于K-近邻法则的计算方法行之有效。所得出的结论将对多源数据分析中相似性度量的理解与选择有积极意义。     

GIS中曲线误差的模型与试验研究

提出了描述曲线整体误差的随机过程模型．用过程的数字特征函数定义了曲线的局部误差指标．用过程的积分定义了曲线的局部和整体误差指标．阐述了各指标的概率意义与几何意义．设计了过程模型的数字化试验，并提取了过程的样本曲线。通过对样本曲线的统计分析．得到了各误差指标的估计值。     

Comparison between earthquake magni-tudes determined by China seismograph network and US seismograph network (II): Surface wave magnitude

Introduction Earthquake magnitude is the most common measure of an earthquake′s size,and is one of the basic parameters of an earthquake.There are three most familiar scales of earthquake magnitude:ML(local earthquake magnitude),MS(surface wave magnitude)and mB/mb(body wave magni-tude).Richter(1935)introduced ML when studying earthquakes in Southern California.In1945,Gutenberg(1945a)put forward surface wave magnitude scale to determine earthquake magnitude(MS)using surface waves(20s)of s…     

Comparison of TL multiple aliquot, single grain GLSL SAR and C-14 ages for the Puritjarra, Australia, rock shelter

We report single-grain quartz luminescence ages for the Puritjarra rock shelter, with the aim of resolving an apparent discrepancy between ages obtained by ¹⁴C and a variety of luminescence methods, previously reported. Ages now found at all depths to 75 cm (ages to 30 ka) can be interpreted as largely resolving the differences. This implied caveat arises because single-grain methods are statistically inefficient. As a consequence, a degree of interpretation is inevitable in analysing the data. The emphasis in the present paper is an analysis making use of weighted histograms. The measurements by single grain OSL and ¹⁴C, including ABOX–SC, taken together, can be regarded as compatible. They indicate human occupation of the Puritjarra rock shelter at least as early as 30 ka BP.