混合填土地层中大直径灌注桩试验研究

某工程厂区原始地貌主要为黄土低山丘陵,在建设过程中对原始地貌进行场地平整后,形成了厚度近20m的厚层填土,填土成分以削挖梁峁区产生的黄土与砂岩泥岩的混合物,粒径不等,其承载性能不能满足主要建筑物对地基土的要求,考虑采用灌注桩基础。由于填土下伏砂岩及其与泥岩互层的基岩,综合考虑各种成孔工艺及其地层适应性,决定选择冲击成孔工艺,以克服填土区的通桩性并满足嵌岩要求。针对以上方案,开展了现场足尺试验研究,通过采用竖向抗压载荷试验、水平承载力试验及桩身应力应变测试等方法,对厚填土地层中冲击成孔灌注桩的承载性能、施工参数等进行了评价和分析,取得了可靠的试验数据,对类似工程具有一定的参考价值。     

中美平板载荷试验规程对比及试验研究

本文通过对比中国标准与美国ASTM标准关于平板载荷试验的规定,总结归纳出两者主要区别在于承压板尺寸和沉降稳定标准,并研究其对试验结果可能产生的影响,提出工程应用中需注意的问题。美国标准通用性较强,具有较大的灵活性,而中国标准相对详细严格。笔者针对博茨瓦纳电厂的平板载荷试验,分别采用中美标准进行试验,试验结果表明:在砂类土等强度较高的地层进行试验,采用中美标准所得到的试验结果相差不明显。本文研究可为我国勘察设计人员进行需采用美标开展平板载荷试验的国外工程提供有价值的参考和解决方案。     

海潮负荷对GPS精密定位的影响

根据海潮负荷理论,利用4种全球海潮模型分别计算了中国及周边地区IGS站的海潮负荷位移系数,分析并比较了海潮负荷位移对GPS单天解和短周期解的影响。结果表明,对于测站的单天解,不同海潮负荷位移改正对测站整体上没有影响,只在局部沿海地区测站的垂向方向存在差异;并且,4种全球海潮模型在黄海和东海的近海区域不够精确,需要利用我国近海区域的海潮资料进行修正;对于测站的短周期解,海潮负荷位移的影响随着测站远离海洋而减弱,特别是在沿海地区能显著提高测站的垂向坐标精度。因此,在短时的GPS精密定位中需要考虑海潮负荷位移改正。     

马尼希基海底高原重力均衡及其构造意义研究

采用三维导纳分析技术,联合海底地形和重力异常数据,对马尼希基海底高原重力均衡状况进行了分析研究,并结合地震学等研究成果,分析其构造意义。马尼希基海底高原海底地形与重力异常相干性在长波部分(大于100 km)相对较小,说明高原地壳底部存在低密度异常,并且,根据Airy均衡分析,这种低密度异常并非完全由洋壳对海底地形的均衡调整引起,推测高原地壳底部存在由岩装“板垫作用”(crustal under-plating)形成的低密度异常体,即“底部载荷”。马尼希基海底高原短波海底地形符合Airy均衡,据此分析获得高原地区洋壳厚度为22. 7 km,与地震研究结果一致。岩石圈挠曲均衡分析表明,马尼希基海底高原岩石圈有效弹性厚度为2.5-5.5 km,较优拟合值为3.5km,可能意味着高原形成时岩石圈年龄较小。根据顾及底部载荷的挠曲均衡模型进行分析,定量计算了底部载荷规模,约为地形载荷的30%,其体积约为9.3 X 105km3,平均深度为18 km,是整个高原洋壳的重要组成部分,表明洋壳底部板垫作用在马尼希基海底高原形成和演化过程中产生过重要影响。     

高强复合玻璃纤维加固RC梁疲劳性能研究

现有桥梁中有一部分需要进行加固,而采用高强复合玻璃纤维进行加固在国内尚属起步阶段,研究其加固性能,尤其是加固后的疲劳性能是一项有意义的工作。本文进行了高强复合玻璃纤维加固RC梁在重复荷载作用下的弯曲性能试验研究。试验表明:粘贴高强复合玻璃纤维后混凝土梁的疲劳寿命提高了2倍多,其疲劳变形减少了61%~65%,加固梁的疲劳抗裂性能得到了较大改善。因此,粘贴复合玻璃纤维是提高混凝土梁疲劳性能的有效方法,可用于延长混凝土梁的使用寿命。本文还通过加固梁的钢筋应力幅值与疲劳寿命的关系,拟合出S-N曲线。     

波浪作用下孔隙海床-管线动力相互作用分析

波浪作用下海床中的孔隙水压力与有效应力是影响海底管线稳定性的主要因素。然而,在目前的海床响应分析中一般将管线假定为刚性,并不能合理地考虑海床与管线之间的相互作用效应,同时也没有考虑土体和管线加速度对海床动力响应的惯性影响,从而无法确定由此所引起的管线内应力。为此考虑管线的柔性,分别采用饱和孔隙介质的Biot动力固结理论和弹性动力学理论列出了海床与管线的控制方程,进而采用摩擦接触理论考虑海床与管线之间的相互作用效应,基于有限元方法建立了海床-管线相互作用的计算模型及其数值算法。通过变动参数对比计算讨论了管线几何尺寸、海床土性参数对波浪所引起的管线周围海床孔隙水压力和管线内应力的影响。     

鲁西南某2300MW坑口电厂桩基原位试验研究

鲁西南某2300MW坑口电厂地基位于黄河冲积地层中,工程地质性质较差,地基强度不能满足电厂重要建(构)筑物的要求。根据现场的工程地质条件,施工中采用预应力高强混凝土管桩(PHC桩)进行地基处理。本文以鲁西南某2300MW坑口电厂桩基检测工程为实例,首先采用低应变法对桩身质量进行了检测,然后采用高应变试验和静载试验2种方法确定了单桩竖向极限承载力,并对这2种方法的优点、缺点和影响因素进行了分析和对比。得出结论:(1)采用高应变CAPWAP法拟合后的试验结果与单桩竖向静载荷试验结果基本吻合,通过选取合适的桩、土参数模型使高应变试验的结果准确可靠,是切实可行的。(2)在现场条件不允许开展静载试验时,高应变试验可作为静载试验的补充手段对桩基进行检测。(3)当能够获得可靠的高应变试验结果(与静载试验基本吻合)时,可以通过严谨计算对规范法设计方案进行一定程度的调整,以节约成本,但要慎重对待。     

Semi‐analytical solution to one‐dimensional consolidation for unsaturated soils with semi‐permeable drainage boundary under time‐dependent loading

This paper presents semi‐analytical solutions to Fredlund and Hasan's one‐dimensional consolidation of unsaturated soils with semi‐permeable drainage boundary under time‐dependent loadings. Two variables are introduced to transform two coupled governing equations of pore‐water and pore‐air pressures into an equivalent set of partial differential equations, which are easily solved by the Laplace transform. The pore‐water pressure, pore‐air pressure and settlement are obtained in the Laplace domain. Crump's method is adopted to perform the inverse Laplace transform in order to obtain semi‐analytical solutions in time domain. It is shown that the present solutions are more general and have a good agreement with the existing solutions from literatures. Furthermore, the current solutions can also be degenerated into conventional solutions to one‐dimensional consolidation of unsaturated soils with homogeneous boundaries. Finally, several numerical examples are provided to illustrate consolidation behavior of unsaturated soils under four types of time‐dependent loadings, including instantaneous loading, ramp loading, exponential loading and sinusoidal loading. Parametric studies are illustrated by variations of pore‐air pressure, pore‐water pressure and settlement at different values of the ratio of air–water permeability coefficient, depth and loading parameters. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Limitations of suction‐controlled triaxial tests in the characterization of unsaturated soils

Behavior of unsaturated soils is influenced by many factors, and the influences of these factors are usually coupled together. Suction‐controlled triaxial (SCTX) tests are considered to allow researchers to investigate influences of individual variables on unsaturated soils under specified stress path with controls of stresses, pore water, and air pressures. In the past 50 years, SCTX testing method has been established as a standard approach to characterize constitutive behavior of unsaturated soils. Most important concepts for modern unsaturated soil mechanics were developed upon results from the SCTX tests. Among these, one of the most important contributions in the constitutive modeling of elasto‐plastic behavior for unsaturated soils is the Barcelona basic model (BBM) proposed by Alonso et al. in 1990. The BBM successfully explained many features of unsaturated soils and received extensive acceptance. However, the SCTX tests are designed based upon the divide‐and‐conquer approach in which an implicit assumption is used: soil behavior is stress‐path independent. However, it is well‐established that unsaturated soil behavior is elasto‐plastic and stress‐path dependent. It is found that the SCTX tests in fact cannot control the stress path of an unsaturated soil during loading. This incapability, in combination with complicated loading/collapse behavior of unsaturated soils, makes the SCTX tests for characterizing unsaturated soil questionable. This paper discusses the limitations of the SCTX tests in the characterization of unsaturated soils. A possible solution to the problem was proposed based on a newly developed modified state surface approach. The discussions are limited for isotropic conditions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

联合GPS和GRACE数据分析陕甘宁地区地表垂直形变

采用甘肃省CORS网和中国大陆构造环境监测网络中共48个台站的GPS观测数据，解算得到观测台站的垂直位移，并与GRACE时变重力场Mascon模型解CSR RL05M数据计算得到的垂直形变进行比较，分析区域地表垂直形变特征。结果表明，研究区内台站垂直形变存在局部特征，甘肃庆阳和平凉地区垂直形变与其他地区存在明显差异，相关系数、均方根减少量和周年信号减少量均高于其他地区；扣除趋势项后，观测台站GPS垂直位移与GRACE垂直形变时间序列相关系数均值为0.72，GPS和GRACE周年信号振幅均值分别为6.00 mm和3.70 mm，周年信号减少量和均方根误差减少量均值分别为0.51和0.29；研究区内GPS垂直位移和GRACE垂直形变时间序列一致性较强，GRACE垂直形变能有效解释50%以上的GPS垂直位移周年信号，GPS垂直位移时间序列包含的非构造形变中平均约29%来源于环境负载变化所引起的负荷形变。