中国新生代古地形演化的初步模型

新生代，中国地形景观发生了巨大变化，从早期的西倾地形变为现今的东倾地形，这种地形倒转可能是诱发亚洲乃至全球新生代气候环境格局总体改变的主要根源。本文基于流线场理论和向东挤出的构造假说，采用物质平衡方法，对中国新生代古地形演化进行半定量初步研究，结果显示中国新生代古地形演化呈现西部大幅度快速隆升，东部渐进式降低，中部变化较小的变化过程，总体地势的转变过程在50－40Ma期间内已基本完成，此后地势差距逐渐加剧，中国现今的地形格局是在近10Ma期间内最后形成。     

利用旁压试验参数确定地基土承载力和模量

本文通过对工程勘察工作中所做的一些旁压试验与载荷试验资料进行对比分析，总结出利用旁压试验参数来确定地基土承载力和模量的方法。     

河北省地质环境评析

地层，岩石，构造，水形成了地球表部的地质环境，地质灾害是地质环境演化为另一新的有序的自稳性状态的调整，文中论述了存在环境的破坏因素及对策，并对工程系统，地质环境及其与人类的关系问题进行思考。     

Modelling mean annual sediment yield using a distributed approach

In this paper a spatially distributed model for the calculation of sediment delivery to river channels is presented (SEDEM: SEdiment DElivery Model). The model consists of two components: (1) the calculation of a spatial pattern of mean annual soil erosion rates in the catchment using a RUSLE (Revised Soil Erosion Equation) approach; and (2) the routing of the eroded sediment to the river channel network taking into account the transport capacity of each spatial unit. If the amount of routed sediment exceeds the local transport capacity, sediment deposition occurs. An existing dataset on sediment yield for 24 catchments in central Belgium was used to calibrate the transport capacity parameters of the model. A validation of the model results shows that the sediment yield for small and medium sized catchments (10–5000 ha) can be predicted with an average accuracy of 41 per cent. The predicted sediment yield values with SEDEM are significantly more accurate than the predictions using a lumped regression model. Moreover a spatially distributed approach allows simulation of the effect of different land use scenarios and soil conservation techniques. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

贡嘎山海螺沟冰川物质平衡、水交换特征及其对径流的影响

在贡嗄山海螺沟冰川研究的基础上，提出计算该冰川物质平衡的两种方法，获得了较一致的结果，表明近10a来物质平衡平均为－470mm，与高亚洲边缘山脉的冰种同样处于强烈的衰退状态，该冰川有很高的物质平衡水平（2544mm)及水交换水平（3819mm)，液相比例高（1／3），较小的稳定性系数（0．20），具有典型的季风海洋型冰川的水交换特征，由于冰川退缩冰川径流增加，预计2020年将达到临界状态，在气候持续暖变湿情况下，预测临界状态将延至2050年左右，冰川面积及储量将大幅度减少小。     

大连市中山区小龙街滑坡治理工程

大连小龙街边坡原始地貌陡峭，高差45.28m，由于上覆残积土及后期在建筑施工中堆积了大量的杂填土，在地表水与地下水浸泡作用下，土体失稳，产生类似泥石流性质的滑坡，毁坏原山坡走梯及下部挡墙，造成人员、住宅及财产损失。本文在大连小龙街滑坡治理工程设计时，重点考虑了滑坡的发生机理、治理工程场地施工条件、建筑美学及原有下水管线、走梯等修复工作，采用土石方清理，滑坡前缘一、二级锚拉钢筋混凝土板墙，滑坡中部花坛及走梯，滑坡后缘一、二级钢筋混凝土柱板墙，排水工程和绿化工程六部分进行施工，效果较好。可供相似城区地质灾害治理工程参考。     

褥垫层地复合地基受力模式的影响及工程实例分析

采用复合地基方案时，在基础和复合地基之间可设一层粒状材料垫层，以起“调整均化”作用。本文通过分析褥垫层对复合地基受力模式的影响，探讨了褥垫层在保证桩土共同承担荷载，改善复合地基承载性状等方面所具有的重要意义。最后通过对某具体工程实例的分析，得出一些相关结论。     

Alteration Patterns Related to Hydrothermal Gold Mineralizaition in Meta-andesites at Dungash Area, Eastern Desert, Egypt

Abstract: The hydrothermal alteration patterns associating with the gold prospect hosted by metavolcanics in the Dungash area, Eastern Desert of Egypt, were investigated in order to assign their relationship to mineralization. The metavolcanics of andesitic composition are generated by regional metamorphism of greenschist facies superimposed by hydrothermal activity. Epidote and chlorite are metamorphic minerals, whereas sericite, carbonates, and chlorite are hydrothermal alteration minerals. The auriferous quartz vein is of NEE‐SWW trend and cuts mainly the andesitic metavolcanics, but sometimes extends to the neighbouring metapyroclastics and metasediments. Quartz‐sericite, sericite, carbonate‐sericite, and chlorite‐sericite constitute four distinctive alteration zones which extend outwards from the mineralized quartz vein. The quartz‐sericite and sericite zones are characterized by high contents of SiO₂, K₂O, Rb, and As, the carbonate‐sericite zone is by high contents of CaO, Au, Cu, Cr, Ni, and Y, and the chlorite‐sericite zone is by high contents of MgO, Na₂O, Zn, Ba, and Co. Gold and sulphide minerals are relatively more abundant in the carbonate‐sericite zone followed by the sericite one. The geochemistry of the alteration system was investigated using volume‐composition and mass balance calculations. The volume factors obtained for the different alteration zones, mentioned above (being 1.64, 1.19, 1.17, and 1.07, respectively), indicate that replacement had taken place with a volume gain. The mass balance calculations revealed addition of SiO₂, K₂O, As, Cu, Rb, Ba, Ni, and Y to the system as a whole and subtraction of Fe2O3 from the system. Initial high aK+ and aH+ for the invading fluids is suggested. As the fluids migrated into wallrocks, they became more concentrated in Mg, Ca, and Na with increasing activities of CO₂ and S. The calculated loss‐gain data are in agreement with the microscopic observations. Breakdown of ferromagnesian minerals and feldspars in the quartz‐sericite, sericite, and chlorite‐sericite zones accompanied by loss in Mg, Fe, Ca, and Na under acidic conditions and low CO2/H2O ratio may obstruct the formation of carbonates and sulphides, and the precipitation of gold in these zones. The role of metamorphic fluids in the area is expected to be restricted to the liberation of Au and some associated elements from their hosts.     

平衡流形成的机制与锋生

利用最小能量原理讨论了非地转流经过调整后的平衡态的情况。对于两维模型来说，不平衡流通过调整获得的平衡终态依赖于初始不平衡场的分布特点。如果不平衡流的初始位涡是非均匀的，则其通过适应过程而达到的平衡状态不一定满足热成风关系；对于初始位涡是均匀的或为零的不平衡流来说，如果初始密度的水平变化不是非常显著，则运动最后可以达到热成风平衡状态，反之，最后的平衡态则不满足成风关系，对于这种情况，我们利用广义动量坐标系进行了详细讨论。     

Assessment and utilization of soil water resources

Based on the analyses of water interactions and water balance, this paper discusses the issues on the assessment and regulation of soil water resources, which lays the scientific basis for limited irrigation and water-saving agriculture.