Prediction of Static Strength of Tubular T and X Joints Subjected to Axial Compression

-The formulation of ring analogy method for the prediction of static strength (ductile collapse) of tubular T, X joints under axial compression based on the limit analysis of the ring with some assumptions is presented in this papaer. The regression formula for the effective length of the chord based on test results is established by means of the least square method. The results computed by the present semi-analytic formula are compared with previous results and test data. They are quite close to each other. The accuracy of the present formula depends on the reasonable selection of the effective length of the chord, which requires numerous test data.     

前进波作用下沙纹床面的净输沙方向与净输沙强度

在沙纹床面输沙过程中，假设水流从涡中取出并搬运的悬移质数量与推移质运动的沙星成比例，由12组细沙实验结果得到了沙纹床面净输沙的方向和输沙强度公式，并与他人的实验结果进行对比。     

利用放射性示踪沙定量观测长江口北槽航道抛泥区底沙运动

１９９１年６月在国际原子能机构的合作下，在长江口北槽航道上抛泥区进行了一次大规模的放射性示踪沙试验。示踪核素为钪－４６，总活度为１７．９５×１０~（１０）Ｂｑ（４．８５Ｃｉ），示踪沙投放总量为４９５ｇ。本试验目的是通过定量观测底沙运移的方向、路线、速度和输沙率，以期为北槽航道上抛泥区今后能否继续作为抛泥区使用提供直观可靠论据。本次试验观测资料表明，在北槽航道上抛泥区，在中小讯期间，无论是涨潮时投放的示踪沙还是落潮时投放的示踪沙都受落潮流控制，并向北槽航道中段输移。据测量资料分析，在上口抛泥区投放的示踪沙最终沿着１１０°的运动方向以７５８ｍ／ｄ的运动速度，在２６９~＃航标附近进入挖槽，单宽输沙率为４７．８ｍ~３／ｍｄ。     

Effect of Band Width on Fatigue Life under Random Stress Response

A fatigue life estimation method for offshore structures under random stress response is studied in this paper. The method of broad band cumulative frequency number is used to determine the effect of band width of stress frequency spectra on fatigue. A formula of correction factor for fatigue under broad band stress spectra is suggested and compared with that given by P. H. Wirsching.     

东亚和南亚典型大河三角洲晚第四纪地层结构及成因对比

通过整理东亚、南亚典型河口三角洲末次冰消期以来演化历史的研究进展,对比各河口晚第四纪地层结构、沉积体系演替和三角洲开始建造的时间,分析其沉积历史的主要控制因素。结果显示,末次冰消期以来各河口具相似的地层结构和演变过程,即早全新世下切古河谷充填和河口湾发育,中—晚全新世三角洲建造,该过程主要受海平面变化的控制。但是各河口地层结构和沉积历史也存在差异,其中以三角洲开始建造的时间差别最为明显。对比发现这种差异与流域地貌、基岩以及河口沉积盆地的差别有关。流程短、流域基岩易侵蚀的河流,入海泥沙量大,其三角洲开始建造的时间显著早于其他河流,其中以恒河三角洲最为典型。另外,以珠江三角洲为典型,其半封闭、基底浅的河口沉积盆地特征,也有助于中全新世湾顶三角洲的建造。     

用自然思维解析病毒及其与海洋的关系

新型冠状病毒(Coronavirus)肆虐,造成全球恐慌,迄今已有上千万人感染、数十万人失去了生命。一场突如其来的疫情,几乎成为全球范围内划时代的重大事件,甚至会改写人类发展的历史,这充分说明人类对病毒的认识还很肤浅,还缺少应对病毒的科学储备和有效举措。病毒源于海洋、存于自然,几乎是无处不在、无时不在。病毒一方面对人类健康造成巨大威胁,另一方面又是自然界、甚至人体内不可或缺的特殊微生态系统。病毒是生命起源的界限、是基因传递的使者、是生态环境的桥梁、是细菌的天然杀手。人类抗击病毒首先是彻底"防控",其次是有效"疫苗",最终靠提高免疫力。而海洋盐卤可能是从"元素平衡"的机理出发、从根本上提升人体免疫功能的关键。     

Modelling the effect of land management interventions and climate change on sediment loads in the Manawatū–Whanganui region

ABSTRACT

SedNetNZ is used to model the effect of erosion control undertaken under the Sustainable Land Use Initiative (SLUI) and predict the effect of climate change on sediment load in the Manawatū–Whanganui region. Sediment load in 2004 is estimated at 13.4?Mt?yr^?1; by 2018, ≈5000?km² of land had farm plans implemented and annual sediment load reduced by 6.2% of the 2004 load. If SLUI stops at the 2018 level of implementation, by 2038 it is predicted to achieve a 15.7% reduction in annual sediment load. If SLUI continues to implement farm plans, 7949?km² of land will be treated by 2043 and annual sediment load could be reduced by a further 14.7%. Climate change is predicted to substantially increase sediment loads. By 2043 annual sediment load for the region is predicted to increase, compared to 2004, by between 8.3 and 23.7%. However, this can largely be offset by SLUI works. By 2090 an annual sediment load increase of between 53 and 224% due to climate change is predicted. The results suggest climate warming may dominate changes in sediment load in the future.     

Ultimate Strength of Ship Plating under Axial Compression

The failure of a ship hull girder is governed by buckling and plastic collapse of the deck, bottom and side shell steel stiffened plates. The stiffened steel plating in ships is generally subjected to both in-plane and out-of-plane loading and is more important to understand the characteristics of these panels under buckling. Tests are reported on the collapse load of stiffened plates with and without cutout and with reinforced cutout under uniaxial compression. A generalized computer program for the semi-analytical solutions proposed by various investigators based on strut approach and orthotropic plate approach, and a finite element analysis program based on orthotropic plate approach are developed. The panels are also analysed using the finite element analysis software ANSYS. An approximate method based on strut approach is proposed to calculate the collapse load of stiffened plates with cutouts and initial imperfections. The reduction in strength of the panels due to the presence of square cutout, rectangular cutout and increase in strength due to reinforcement around rectangular cutout are calculated based on the test results. Comparisons are made between the test results and predictions based on semi-analytical solutions and finite element analyses, and the uncertainty parameters calculated are discussed. Based on this study it is concluded that the cutout can be reinforced with a maximum increase in strength up to 19% for plate initiated failures.     

Ice Induced Low Temperature Fatigue Crack Propagation in Offshore Structural Steel A131

To investigate the low temperature fatigue crack propagation behavior of offshore structuralsteel A131 under random ice loading,three ice failure modes that are commonly present in the Bohai Gulfare simulated according to the vibration stress responses induced by real ice loading.The test data are pro-cessed by a universal software FCPUSL developed on the basis of the theory of fatigue crack propagationand statistics.The fundamental parameter controlling the fatigue crack propagation induced by randomice loading is determined to be the amplitude root mean square stress intensity factor K_(arm).The test resultsare presented on the crack propagation diagram where the crack growth rate da/dN is described as thefunction of K_(arm).It is evident that the ice failure modes have great influence on the fatigue crack propaga-tion behavior of the steel in ice-induced vibration.However,some of the experimental phenomena and testresults are hard to be physically explained at present.The work in this paper is an init     

Digital system for recording fish echoes

A system to record digitised echo information from echo sounders has been developed as part of a project to improve methods of estimating the abundance of fish stocks around New Zealand. The depth of echoes appearing at the echo‐sounder receiver is determined, followed by a sequence of samples of the echo envelope defining its shape. All data are digitised and recorded on a seven‐track digital magnetic tape recorder. The system is designed to preserve as much information about the echoes as possible. In contrast to other published systems designed to either “count” or “integrate” fish echoes, this system allows free choice of methods of analysis.