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211.
A non-hydrostatic numerical model, the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS), has been used to investigate the development of katabatic jumps in Coats Land, Antarctica. In the control run with a 5 m s-1downslope directed initial wind, a katabatic jump develops near the foot of the idealized slope. The jump is manifested as a rapid deceleration of the downslope flow and a change from supercritical to subcritical flow, in a hydraulic sense, i.e., the Froude number (Fr) of the flow changes from Fr > 1 to Fr> 1. Results from sensitivity experiments show that an increase in the upstream flow rate strengthens the jump, while an increase in the downstream inversion-layer depth results in a retreat of the jump. Hydraulic theory and Bernoulli's theorem have been used to explain the surface pressure change across the jump. It is found that hydraulic theory always underestimates the surface pressure change, while Bernoulli's theorem provides a satisfactory estimation. An analysis of the downs balance for the katabatic jump indicates that the important forces are those related to the pressure gradient, advection and, to a lesser extent, the turbulent momentum divergence. The development of katabatic jumps can be divided into two phases. In phase I, the t gradient force is nearly balanced by advection, while in phase II, the pressure gradient force is counterbalanced by turbulent momentum divergence. The upslope pressure gradient force associated with a pool of cold air over the ice shelf facilitates the formation of the katabatic jump. 相似文献
212.
The paper pertains to the analysis of piles embedded in liquefiable soils to predict its’ critical buckling load under partial
to full loss of lateral support over a portion of the pile length. The analysis is based on extension of Mindlin solution
for a point load acting inside a semi infinite elastic half space. Degenerated solutions obtained by using the developed method
compares very well with reported results. Parametric studies showed that the depth of liquefiable soil, degradation of soil
strength on liquefaction, slenderness ratio, pile stiffness factor and end conditions have significant influence on the buckling
behavior of the piles. 相似文献
213.
JEFF WARBURTON 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2007,89(1):95-101
The sediment mass balance equation is the fundamental concept which underpins most sediment budget studies in cold climate environments. In these environments the interchange between water and ice plays a predominant geomorphological role. Such environments show a large variety of geomorphic processes which are conditioned by both contemporary environmental conditions but also the legacy of past events. In the northern Europe/Arctic fringe these cold regions are distributed in a fragmented fashion and are likely to be very sensitive to climate change scenarios. The significance of such changes for sediment transfer can only be established if we have good contemporary process understanding, the necessary tools to carefully monitor and model such changes, and can apply such methods at appropriate scales which integrate both sediment sources and sinks. 相似文献
214.
Wenxue LI Jixiang LIU Zhanwei WAN 《国际泥沙研究》2007,22(2):103-113
Small runoff, large sediment load, and incompatible relationship of flow and sediment load are very important characteristics of the Yellow River. They are also the crux of the most prominent problems of the Yellow River. To solve these problems, the regimes of flow and sediment load have to be improved by increasing water, reducing sediment load, and by using reservoirs to regulate flow and sediment load. The results of experiments for regulating the flow and sediment load in the last three years by the Xiaolangdi Reservoir have indicated that this measure is a realistic and effective way to mitigate the prominent problems in flood control of the Lower Yellow River at present and in the near future. However, the regulation system is still imperfect. It is advisable to speed up the pace of research and construction of the system for regulating flow and sediment load. 相似文献
215.
A simple two-domain bucket model of fractured soil was coupled with a stochastic model of rainfall variability, in order to investigate the climate and soil controls upon the stochastic properties of the triggering of fracture flow and surface runoff, and the partitioning of rainfall between the matrix and fracture domains and surface runoff. Conventionally, soils are regarded as time domain filters between rainfall and hydrological response. This investigation highlights an additional type of threshold filtering especially important in understanding the infiltration behaviour of fractured soils, for which an event-based characterisation of rainfall in modelling is crucial. A priori-definable indices were derived which are capable of describing elements of this threshold filtering, by allowing the statistical properties of fracture flow- and surface runoff-triggering storms (i.e., mean and variance of storm duration, intensity and effective inter-storm period, as well as cumulative partitioning of rainfall), to be inferred directly from average storm and soil properties. Using these indices, the long-term response of fractured soils, including the long-term hydrological importance of fractures, can be estimated without simulation. 相似文献
216.
This study investigates the dynamic behavior of suspended sediment load transport at different temporal scales in the Mississippi River basin. Data corresponding to five successively doubled temporal scales (i.e. daily, two‐day, four‐day, eight‐day and 16‐day) from the St. Louis gaging station in Missouri are analyzed. The investigation is focused on identifying possible low‐dimensional deterministic behavior in the suspended sediment load transport dynamics, with an aim towards reduction in model complexity. The correlation dimension method is used to identify low‐dimensional determinism. The suspended sediment load dynamics are represented through phase‐space reconstruction, and the variability is estimated using the (proximity of) reconstructed vectors in the phase space. The results indicate the presence of low‐dimensional determinism in the suspended sediment load series at each of the five temporal scales, with the variables dominantly governing the dynamics in the order of three or four. These results not only suggest the appropriateness of relatively simpler models but also hint at possible scale invariance in the suspended sediment load transport dynamics. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
217.
淄博市大武水源地地下水水位总体预测 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文采用水均衡法对淄博市大武水源地地下水位变动进行研究,并对降水量与人渗补给量的关系以及平均给水度随地下水位的变化关系进行了分析。通过历史资料的验证,表明本文所建立的水均衡模型对于地下水位变动的预测是可靠的,而且简单可行,随后根据不同的地下水开采量等对未来地下水位的变动趋势进行了预测。 相似文献
218.
振幅处理技术在探地雷达资料处理中的应用 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
作者在文中简述了在自激自收(10天线距)的探地雷达资料处理中,振幅处理(振幅恢复、道内振幅平衡)和道间振幅均衡的方法原理。在实现编程后,应用于实际资料处理,用以增强雷达的深部弱信号,平衡道内的振幅能量和滤除干扰噪声,取得了良好的效果。 相似文献
219.
魏家岗滑坡因保坎条石砌筑的施工质量差,保坎上又堆放弃土增加荷载,加之雨水渗透而形成工程滑坡,本文对滑坡形成的条件进行了论述,并提出了治理滑坡的措施。 相似文献
220.