测量数据的质量控制理论探讨

从可靠性和粗差检测两方面分析了质控制理论研究的进展；介绍了新的统一的可靠性指标，它完全由系统的结构决定，不包含受主观因素影响的概率因子（非中心参数λ0)。详细介绍了拟准检定法的原理和实施办法，特别是初选拟准观测的一些技巧，通过一个算例比较了拟准检定法与假设检验的三种形式的计算结果，后者存在部分粗差不能发现的问题，而前者能发现全部粗差，效果较好。     

闽台两岸区域地震监测台网及地震监测能力比较

介绍了闽台两岸地震台网的历史与现状，现今地震观测台网布局及监测及台站使用仪器类型的历史沿革。同时，使用１９９３￣１９９４年两岸分别出版的地震观测报告，系统分析了同一地震中两岸台网分别测定的地震参数的差异，探讨了引起这种差异的可能原因，提出了今后联合进行台湾海峡地震监测预报与地球结构研究的必要性和可行性。     

最佳地电台台址条件与环境条件的讨论

地电台观测地电阻率及其变化以研究地震活动规律，首要的问题是如何选择或评估其台址的优劣，选取最佳地电台台址。文中讨论了地电台台址的地质构造条件、测区地下介质结构条件、介质水文条件、地形地貌条件、电磁干扰等对地电台站观测效能的影响，为选建和评估地电台台址提供较全面、系统的依据。     

Mapping radon-prone areas - a geophysical approach

 Radon-prone areas in Israel were mapped on the basis of direct measurements of radon (²²²Rn) in the soil/rock gas of all exposed geological units, supported by the accumulated knowledge of local stratigraphy and sub-surface geology. Measurements were carried out by a modified alpha-track detection system, resulting in high radon levels mainly in rocks of the Senonian-Paleocene-aged Mount Scopus Group, comprised of chert-bearing marly chalks, rich in phosphorite which acts as the major uranium source. Issues of source depth, seasonal variations and comparison with indoor radon levels are addressed as well. This approach could be applied to other similar terrains, especially the Mediterranean Phosphate Belt.     

Multiscale segmentation of well logs

Examination of well logs leads to the observation that they exhibit characteristic behavior over a wide range of scales, differing from a foot to hundreds of feet. This behavior is not accounted for in conventional segmentation methods. The segmentation method that is proposed here aims to solve this problem. It is based on a multiscale representation of the well log. This is a representation of the well log at different levels of smoothness. The behavior of edges, which are associated with extrema of the first derivative, across scales is of great importance in the segmentation. Analysis of this behavior leads to a multiscale segmentation of the well log, in which a fine-scale segment is a part of one coarse scale segment only. In this way the geologist is able to analyze the log at different scales simultaneously. An extension of this approach is not to preserve all fine-scale information but to zoom in only on parts of the log where it is considered to be of interest.     

Automatic detection,location and quantification of earthquakes: Application to tsunami warning

We describe a fully automated seismic event detection and location system, providing for real-time estimates of the epicentral parameters of both local and distant earthquakes. The system uses 12 telemetered short-period stations, with a regional aperture of 350 km, as well as two 3-component broad-band stations. Detection and location of teleseismic events is achieved independently and concurrently on the short-period and long-period channels. The long-period data is then used to obtain an estimate of the seismic momentM ₀ of the earthquake through the mantle magnitudeM _m, as introduced byOkal andTalandier (1989). In turn, this estimate ofM ₀ is used to infer the expected tsunami amplitude at Papeete, within 15 minutes of the recording of Rayleigh waves. The performance of the method is discussed in terms of the accuracy of the epicentral parameters and seismic moment obtained in real time, as compared to the values later published by the reporting agencies. Our estimates are usually within 3 degrees of the reported epicenter, and the standard deviation on the seismic moment only 0.19 unit of magnitude for a population of 154 teleseismic events.     

Fault proximity surveys in coal using guided seismic waves—Numerical modelling

Guided seismic waves are generated at lateral discontinuities in coal seams as an integral part of the mechanics of scattering downgoing body waves from a surface energy source.Numerical and laboratory model studies undertaken for both thin and thick coal seam waveguides show that small faults generate recognizable diffraction patterns by convertingP andS waves into channel wave arrivals at in-seam geophones on a walkawayVSP profile.These results suggest that in-seam geophones can be used during subsequent surface reflection surveys so as to improve mine profitability by optimising longwall layout in faulted ground.     

Analysis of the Marshall Islands Fireball of February 1, 1994

On February 1, 1994, a large meteoroid impacted over the Pacific Ocean at 2.6° N, 164.1° E. The impact was observed by space based IR sensors operated by the US Department of Defense and by visible wavelength sensors operated by the US Department of Energy. During entry the object broke into several pieces, one of which detonated at 34 km and another at 21 km altitude. The entry velocity of the object is estimated to be 24–25 km/sec. Based on the visible wavelength data, the integrated intensity of the radiated energy of the fireball was approximately 1.3 × 10¹³ joules. Assuming a 6000 K black body and a 30% efficiency for the conversion of the kinetic energy of the body into visible light, we estimate the mass of the body to be between 1.6×10⁵ kg and 4.4×10⁶ kg, and to have a diameter of between 4.4 and 13.5 meters. The object entered at a 45° angle, traveling on a heading of approximately 300°, i.e. from the southeast to the northwest. Calculations using a gross-fragmentation model indicate that the body was most likely a stony object larger than 10 m with an Apollo orbit prior to impact.E T Space SystemsSandia National LaboratoriesOndejov Observatory     

高分辨率遥感图像厚云检测算法

针对高空间分辨率多光谱图像,设计了一种基于缨帽变换、数据正则化以及多尺度光谱分析技术的多尺度循环检测算法。实验结果表明:对于Landsat-7 ETM+图像,其检测精度与基于热波段的自动化云量估计算法相近,但优于传统的直接分类方法(最大似然分类与ISODATA分类)。由于该算法无需借助热波段及其他辅助数据,因而在实现高分辨率图像厚云掩膜的高效与高精度提取方面具有很高的应用潜力。     

小波辅助的拟准检定法和补偿最小二乘估计解算污染半参数模型

利用拟准检定法探测粗差时,解算的污染半参数模型的标准化残差受到模型系统结构的干扰,难以准确初选拟准观测值。通过小波变换滤波分析的模极大值点初选拟准观测值,在拟准观测真误差估值范数极小的条件下实现对粗差的定位定值,最后采用补偿最小二乘估计分离系统误差,得到较为准确的参数估值。